Three-dimensional constrained optimization of modular toroid-type SMES using co-evolutionary algorithm

Abstract

In this paper, a modular toroid-type SMES was optimized using a recently developed constrained optimization technique named co-evolutionary augmented Lagrangian method (CEALM). The objective of the optimization was to minimize the total length of HTS superconductor satisfying some equality and inequality constraints. The constraints were calculated using 3-D magnetic field analysis techniques and an automatic tetrahedral mesh generator. Optimized results were verified by 3D finite element method (FEM).