Amyloid-β 1-42 Levels are Modified by Apolipoprotein E ε4 in Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in a Similar Manner as in Alzheimer's disease

Abstract

The presence of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4 allele is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and associated with a more pronounced reduction of amyloid-β 1-42 (Aβ_1-42) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Because a decrease of Aβ_1-42 and increase of tau protein levels, both important biomarkers for AD, are also reported in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), we analyzed if a similar relationship can be observed in this rapid progressive dementia. Our study included 309 patients with sporadic CJD (147 neuropathologically confirmed and 162 probable cases). We analyzed the role of ApoE ε4 in sporadic CJD (sCJD), in particular the influence on the CSF-markers 14-3-3 protein, tau protein, neuron-specific enolase, S100 protein, Aβ_1-42, and Aβ_1-40. No differences in the ApoE ε4 allele frequency and ApoE genotype distribution between sCJD and published healthy controls were observed. The ApoE ε4 allele had no effect on disease duration or age at onset. We detected a dose-dependent ApoE ε4 effect on the decrease of Aβ_1-42 in sCJD. ApoE ε4 carriers with one ApoE ε4 allele showed significantly reduced Aβ_1-42 values (p < 0.0001) in comparison with non-carriers. ApoE ε4 allele is not a risk factor for sCJD but modifies the Aβ_1-42 levels in CSF in a similar manner as in AD. Based on our results in sCJD patients, we hypothesize that the ApoE ε4 effect on Aβ_1-42 values might not be disease-specific.