Background: Sleep disturbance is implicated in memory function across normal
aging and neurodegenerative disease. Furthermore, there is mounting evidence to suggest
that high levels of subjective memory decline (SMD) may signal very early
neurodegenerative changes associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This view prompts
research examining the relationship between SMD and other risk factors for cognitive
decline, including sleep disturbance.
Objective: To determine whether objective and subjective indices of sleep
predict SMD in older adults.
Methods: 181 community-based older adults were divided into groups of high
and low SMD based on their responses to the Memory Assessment Complaint Questionnaire
(MAC-Q). They undertook two weeks of objective sleep monitoring (actigraphy), and
completed a subjective sleep quality assessment using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality
Index.
Results: Hierarchical logistic regression indicated that after controlling
for demographics and mood, objective sleep quality predicted high SMD group status
(ΔNagelkerke R2 = 0.07,
χ2 = 9.80 (3),
p = 0.020), while subjective sleep quality did not. Contrary to
expectation, however, less sleep disruption predicted high SMD.
Conclusion: These unexpected results may suggest a non-linear trajectory
between sleep and memory decline in aging. The findings are discussed in relation to
previous research, which taken together, may indicate compensatory sleep patterns of
reduced sleep disruption in people with high levels of SMD. These preliminary findings
suggest the utility of including analysis of sleep behavior in further longitudinal
research of this at-risk group of older people.
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