Studies on the Mechanism of the DNA Nicking Property of Amyloid-β 40 : Implications in Alzheimer's Disease

Abstract

Amyloid-β peptide is presumably a key etiological factor involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and several hypotheses exist on the possible ways Aβ contributes to the progression of the disease. There are reports on the nuclear localization of Aβ and very limited evidence on its DNA binding property. The present study provided the mechanism of Aβ enantiomers binding to DNA and showed that Aβ₄₀L induces ψ-DNA, while Aβ₄₀D causes only altered B-DNA. Further, we evidenced the DNA nicking property of Aβ enantiomers and endonuclease mimicking behavior. The role of Aβ in modulating DNA stability was reported by altered melting temperature and ethidium bromide binding studies. The data provides new evidence on stereospecific dependent Aβ-DNA interaction and we discuss its biological relevance to neurodegeneration. Our results imply that Aβ-DNA interaction needs to be considered as a significant cause of the toxicity in the pathogenesis of AD.