The nature of scientific theory

Abstract

It is important for researchers to know not only their own field of study, but to understand something of the nature of scientific theory and how scientists go about their work. Such an understanding is especially important for those who are interested in interdisciplinary fields, like the study of Human Systems, where the scientific status of theory may be unclear, and where the distinction between science and pseudo-science may not be readily apparent. This article will examine the philosophical work of Nagel, Popper, and Kuhn in a discussion of three questions: What is scientific theory? What is the difference between good science and pseudoscience? How do scientists go about their work? The nature and development of Formal Decision/Utility Theory are examined in order to provide a model for discussing these questions.