Abstract
Cell signaling in trypanosomatids has recently became a major field of research interest. Calcium has been recognized as a pivotal second messenger in many different functions in these parasites from cell growth and differentiation to host cell invasion. Its function as messenger has been related to other cell signaling systems where a close connection is apparent. The homeostasis of the intracellular calcium concentration, which enable its role as a messenger is the consequence of the coordinated function of different transport systems located in the plasma membrane as well as in intracellular organelles. The general mechanisms for calcium regulation characteristic of the host cell are also present in this parasite with some interesting differences. The Ca2+ receptor protein calmodulin, albeit a well conserved protein throughout evolution, is present in high amounts in these parasites and share both similarities and distinct features when compared to mammals. The evidences accumulated up to day prompt for further investigation looking for differences between calcium homeostasis in trypanosomes and humans in order to develop a rational therapy, which is missing in all the illness caused by these hemoflagellates.
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