Sensitivity of the ultrasonic interferometry method (Echo‐Cell) to changes of red cell aggregation: Application to diabetes

Abstract

The sensitivity of the ultrasonic interferometry method (Echo‐Cell) to changes in red blood cell (RBC) aggregation was investigated in comparison to the Regulest erythroaggregometry known as a reference method. In experiments where different concentrations of dextrans of 40 or 70 kD molecular weights were added to normal RBCs, the Echo‐Cell was proved as sensitive as erythroaggregometry. A comparative study using RBC samples from normal and diabetic subjects showed that the Echo‐Cell was much more sensitive when aggregation was measured in diluted than undiluted plasma. The sensitivity of Echo‐Cell measurements in diluted plasma was similar to that of erythroaggregometry. Further analysis revealed that RBC aggregation was underestimated by Echo‐Cell when measurements were made in undiluted plasma containing high fibrinogen levels, implying that in that case an elevated plasma viscosity might indirectly affect the sensitivity of the Echo‐Cell. The low sensitivity of the Echo‐Cell to detect an abnormal RBC aggregation when suspensions were prepared in undiluted plasma, is likely related to a relatively high shear stress exerted on RBC aggregates by the suspending medium. In conclusion, the sensitivity of the Echo‐Cell to detect abnormal changes in RBC aggregation can be optimized by diluting the plasma.