Peroxynitrite leads to arteriolar smooth muscle cell membrane hyperpolarization and low vasoreactivity in severe shock

Abstract

This paper aimed to study the mechanism of vascular hyporeactivity during severe hemorrhagic shock. Rats were divided into control and shock group. Membrane potential of arteriolar strips was measured with intracellular recording method and membrane potential changes in arteriolar smooth muscle cells (ASMC) were recorded with membrane potential sensitive fluorescent dye (DiBAC4) and confocal microscopy. Hyperpolarization of ASMC membrane appeared at the late stage of shock, which correlated to low vasoreactivity. Glybenclamide, an inhibitor of K_ATP channel reversed the hyperpolarizing effect. S‐nitroso‐N‐acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), a donor of NO, in a higher concentration (400 mol/l) caused membrane hyperpolarization in control and shock group, which was completely reversed by application of Tiron, a scavenger of O₂⁻. The hyperpolarizing effect of SNAP was decreased by ODQ, glybenclamide and (or) charybdotoxin. It is concluded that hyperpolarization of ASMC leads to vascular hyporeactivity. Peroxynitrite (OONO⁻) involves in the development of hyperpolarization in severe shock. The production of cGMP and activation of K_ATP and K_Ca channel contribute to the hyperpolarizing effect of OONO^−·.