Complications rates after free flap transplantation still amount up to 5% . Consequently a reliable monitoring system is of high importance in plastic and reconstructive surgery. The following guidelines provide an overview of the current opportunities for free flap planning and monitoring with ultrasound and in particular with contrast enhanced ultrasound.
GeisS.PrantlL.SchoeneichM.LambyP.KleinS.DoldererJ.2015Contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) - anunique monitoring technique to assess microvascularization after buried flap transplantationClinicalhemorheology and microcirculation
2.
GeisS.PrantlL.DoldererJ.LambyP.MuellerS.JungE.M.2013Postoperative monitoring of local and free flaps with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)–analysis of 112 patientsUltraschall in der Medizin346550558
3.
GeisS.PrantlL.GehmertS.LambyP.NerlichM.AngeleP.2011TTP (time to PEAK) and RBV (regional blood volume) as valuable parameters to detect early flap failureClinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation4818194
4.
GeisS.PrantlL.MuellerS.GosauM.LambyP.JungE.M.2013Quantitative assessment of bone microvascularization after osteocutaneous flap transplantation using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)Ultraschall in der Medizin343272279
5.
GreisC.2014Technical aspects of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) examinations: Tips and tricksClinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation5818995
6.
HarroisA.DuranteauJ.2013Contrast-enhanced ultrasound: A new vision of microcirculation in the intensive care unitCritical Care174449
7.
KasparM.PartoviS.AschwandenM.ImfeldS.BaldiT.UthoffH.2015Assessment of microcirculation by contrast-enhanced ultrasound: A new approach in vascular medicine,wSwiss Medical Weekly14514047
8.
PrantlL.SchremlS.WalterM.KasprzakP.StehrA.NerlichM.2008Evaluation of microcirculation of free flaps of the lower leg by contrast harmonic imaging (CHI) with time intensity curve (TIC) analysisClin Hemorheol Microcirc391-4343350
9.
WeiX.LiY.ZhangS.MingG.2014Evaluation of thyroid cancer in Chinese females with breast cancer by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), microvessel density, and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)Tumour Biology: The Journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine35765216529
