BACKGROUND:
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a promising non-pharmacological modality for the management of chronic low back pain (CLBP), but its efficacy and mode of action have not been clearly established.
OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the responses of plasma beta-endorphin (
E), met-enkephalin (ME), and pain intensity (PI) among patients with CLBP exposed to TENS or sham-TENS.
METHODS:
This double-blind trial involved 62 participants (aged 53.29
5.07 years) randomised into TENS group (frequency 100 Hz, burst-rate 2 Hz, burst-width 150
s, intensity 40 mA, duration 30 min), and sham-TENS group. The PI and plasma concentrations of
E and ME were measured at baseline, immediately (0 hr), 1 hr, 24 hrs, and 48 hrs post-intervention. Data were analysed using general linear model repeated measures, ordinal regression, one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis test, independent and paired samples
-tests, Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Kendall’s tau coefficient.
RESULTS:
There was a significant temporal difference in PI between groups,
(1, 58)
18.83,
0.001; the TENS group had better pain relief. The relative analgesic effect of TENS started immediately after the intervention (median difference [
]
3,
0.001), peaked at 1 hr (
4,
0.001), and worn out by 24 hrs (
1,
0.029). However, there was no significant difference in
E and ME between the groups from 0 hr to 24 hrs post interventions, and no significant correlation between the PI, and
E, or ME.
CONCLUSION:
TENS significantly reduced PI up to 24 hrs after treatment.
