Reliability and validity study of the Gujarati version of the Oswestry Disability Index 2.1a

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Among all musculoskeletal disorders back pain is the most common reason for functional limitation in working age. It is due to low back pain (LBP) that the ODI has become one of the principal outcome measures for evaluation of disability and has been widely used in research as well as in clinical practice. So far, validated Gujarati version of the ODI 2.1a has not been reported.

OBJECTIVE:

To accomplish the translation and validation of the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) version 2.1a into the Gujarati language.

STUDY DESIGN:

Cross-sectional study.

METHODS:

The validation of the ODI-Gujarati was tested in 120 patients diagnosed with non-specific LBP, who were receiving physiotherapy at a clinic in Gujarat, India. Data was collected at on initial visit and after 48 hours. During both visits, patients completed the Oswestry Disability Index-Gujarati (ODI-G), Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire-Gujarati (RMDQ-G), and Visual Analogue Scale-Pain (VAS-P).

RESULTS:

Internal consistency was measured by Cronbach’s alpha. The Gujarati version indicated high internal consistency ( $\alpha =$ 0.96). Test-retest reliability was measured by intra-class correlation coefficient and it revealed very high correlation (ICC $=$ 0.92). Construct validity was confirmed by strong correlation with RMDQ-G ( $r=$ 0.76), and concurrent validity indicated moderate correlation with VAS-P ( $r=$ 0.50). Factor analysis explained that the ODI was loaded on 1 factor.

CONCLUSION:

The Oswestry disability index version 2.1a was successfully translated into Gujarati language, showing excellent psychometric properties. Therefore, it can be used in evaluating the disability amongst Gujarati population with LBP for both clinical and research purposes.