Balance and fall risk in peritoneal dialysis patients

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Vestibular, neurological and musculoskeletal functions are affected in patients with renal failure. These problems can in turn affect the balance system in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Previously, postural balance changes were shown in hemodialysis patients. This is the first study that evaluates whether there are similar changes in patients with PD.

OBJECTIVE:

This study aimed to compare balance and fall risk between patients undergoing PD treatment and healthy subjects, and aimed to determine the correlation between biochemical parameters and fall risk and balance assessments in PD patients.

METHODS:

This controlled study included 58 patients receiving PD treatment (PD Group) and 75 healthy subjects (Control Group). The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Tetrax ${}^{\mathrm{\circledR }}$ Interactive Balance System were used for the comparison of balance between groups. For patients in the PD Group, duration of PD, blood pressure, Kt/V ${}_{\text{urea}}$ (actual mass of urea removed via peritoneal dialysis), and serum biochemical parameters were recorded and correlation analysis was performed between these parameters and balance measurements.

RESULTS:

There were no statistically significant differences between groups in terms of demographics or BBS scores ( $p>$ 0.05). The fall risk of patients in the PD Group was significantly higher than those in the Control Group ( $p<$ 0.0001) according to Tetrax measurements. Female gender, older age, higher BMI, and higher blood glucose levels were negatively correlated with balance parameters of PD patients ( $r>$ 0.3). There was no statistically significant correlation between duration of PD, blood pressure, and Kt/V ${}_{\text{urea}}$ with balance parameters or fall risk.

CONCLUSIONS:

Balance was impaired in patients undergoing PD in comparison to healthy subjects. Fall risk may be evaluated using the Tetrax ${}^{\mathrm{\circledR }}$ instead of BBS for this population. Serum glucose level, BMI and age appear to affect balance and fall risk. Therefore, optimization of body weight and normalization of serum glucose levels are important factors for improving balance. The duration of PD, blood pressure, and Kt/V ${}_{\text{urea}}$ do not affect balance system.