Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

Background:

Chitosan and alginate are two natural and accessible polymers that are known to be biocompatible, biodegradable and possesses good antimicrobial activity. When combined, they exhibit desirable characteristics and can be created into a scaffold for cell culture.

Objective:

In this study interaction of chitosan-alginate scaffolds with mesenchymal stem cells are studied.

Methods:

Mesenchymal stem cells were derived from human umbilical cord tissues, characterized by flow cytometry and other growth parameters studied as well. Proliferation and viability of cultured cells were studied by MTT Assay and Trypan Blue dye exclusion assay.

Results:

Besides chitosan-alginate scaffold was prepared by freeze-drying method and characterized by FTIR, SEM and Rheological properties. The obtained 3D porous structure allowed very efficient seeding of hUMSCs that are able to inhabit the whole volume of the scaffold, showing good adhesion and proliferation. These materials showed desirable rheological properties for facile injection as tissue scaffolds.

Conclusion:

The results of this study demonstrated that chitosan-alginate scaffold may be promising biomaterial in the field of tissue engineering, which is currently under a great deal of examination for the development and/or restoration of tissue and organs. It combines the stem cell therapy and biomaterials.

Keywords

Alginate biodegradable scaffolds chitosan mesenchymal stem cells tissue engineering

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Jiang

Jahagirdar

B.N.

Reinhardt

R.L.

et al., Pluripotency of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adult marrow, Nature 418 (2002), 41. doi:10.1038/nature00870.

Majore

Moretti

Hass

and Kasper

, Identification of subpopulations mesenchymal stem cell-like cultures from human umbilical cord, Cell Commun Signal 7 (2009), 6. doi:10.1186/1478-811X-7-6.

Schugar

R.C.

Chirieleison

S.M.

Wescoe

K.E.

Schmidt

B.T.

Askew

Nance

J.J.

Evron

J.M.

Peault

and Deasy

B.M.

, High harvest yield, high expansion, and phenotype stability of CD146 mesenchymal stromal cells from whole primitive human umbilical cord tissue, J Biomed Biotechnol 2009 (2009), 789526.

Rykke

and Rölla

, Effect of silicone oil on protein adsorption to hydroxyapatite in vitro and on pellicle formation in vivo, Scand J Dent Res 98 (1990), 401–411.

Whu

S.W.

Tsai

C.-L.

Hsu

et al., Evaluation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells seeded into composite scaffolds and cultured in a dynamic culture system for neocartilage regeneration in vitro, J Medical and Biological Engineering 29(2) (2009), 52–58.

Martin

Quarto

Dozin

Cancedda

et al., Producing prefabricated tissues and organs via tissue engineering, IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag. 16 (1997), 73–80. doi:10.1109/51.582179.

Hence

L.L.

Polak

J.M.

et al., Third generation biomedical materials, Science 295(5557) (2002), 1014–1017. doi:10.1126/science.1067404.

Stevens

M.M.

and George

J.H.

, Exploring and engineering the cell surface interface, Science 310(5751) (2005), 1135–1138. doi:10.1126/science.1106587.

Tan

Lin

Liu

and Tang

, Quaternized chitosan as an antimicrobial agent: Antimicrobial activity, mechanism of action and biomedical applications in orthopedics, Int. J. Mol. Sci. 14 (2013), 1854–1869. doi:10.3390/ijms14011854.

10.

Dash

Chiellini

Ottenbrite

and Chiellini

, Chitosan – a versatile semi-synthetic polymer in biomedical applications, Prog. Polym. Sci. 36 (2011), 981–1014. doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.02.001.

11.

Venkatesan

and Kim

S.-K.

, Chitosan composites for bone tissue engineering – an overview, Mar. Drugs 8 (2010), 2252–2266. doi:10.3390/md8082252.

12.

Wang

Jamal

Detamore

M.S.

and Berkland

, PLGA-chitosan/PLGA-alginate nanoparticle blends as biodegradable colloidal gels for seeding human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

13.

Chen

Haddad

and Wang

, Analysis of chitosan-alginate bone scaffolds, in: Engineering & Technology, 09, Rutgers University, New Jersey Governor’s School, 2009.

14.

H.H.

Quinn

J.B.

Takagi

and Chow

L.C.

, Synergistic reinforcement of in situ hardening calcium phosphate composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering, Biomaterials 25(6) (2004), 1029–1037. doi:10.1016/S0142-9612(03)00608-2.

15.

Norazril

S.A.

et al., Comparison of chitosan scaffold and chitosan-collagen scaffold, Med. J. Malaysia 59(Suppl B) (2004), 186.

16.

Ramay

H.R.

Hauch

K.D.

et al., Chitosan-alginate hybrid scaffold for bone tissue engineering, Biomaterials 26(18) (2005), 3919–3928. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.09.062.

17.

Hutmacher

D.W.

, Scaffold design and fabrication technologies for engineering tissues-state of the art and future perspectives, J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 12 (2001), 107–124. doi:10.1163/156856201744489.

18.

Pittenger

M.F.

Mackay

A.M.

Beck

S.C.

et al., Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells, Science 284 (1999), 143–147. doi:10.1126/science.284.5411.143.

19.

Paunescu

Deak

Herman

Siska

Tănasie

Bunu

et al., In vitro differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells to epithelial lineage, J Cell Mol Med 11(3) (2007), 502–508. doi:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2007.00041.x.

20.

Cruz

D.M.G.

et al., Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in chitosan scaffolds with double micro and macroporosity, J Biomed Mater Res A 95 (2010), 1182–1193. doi:10.1002/jbm.a.32906.

21.

Penolazzi

et al., Human mesenchymal stem cells seeded on extracellular matrix-scaffold: Viability and osteogenic potential, J Cellular Physiology 227 (2012), 857–866. doi:10.1002/jcp.22983.

22.

Ramay

H.R.

Hauch

K.D.

Xiao

and Zhang

, Chitosan-alginate hybrid scaffolds for bone tissue engineering, Biomaterials 26 (2005), 3919–3928. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.09.062.

23.

Coimbra

Ferreira

de Sousa

H.C.

Batista

Rodrigues

M.A.

et al., Preparation and chemical and biological characterization of a pectin/chitosan polyelectrolyte complex scaffold for possible bone tissue engineering applications, Int J Biol Macromol 48 (2011), 112–118. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.10.006.