Geochemical Study of Ground Water of Sanganer Area of Rajasthan (India) and Different Methods to Mitigate Fluoride Problem

Abstract

An extensive geochemical study of 25 villages ground water was done. Analysis of groundwater samples shows a vast change in groundwater quality of Sanganer area of Jaipur district. One of the most relevant causes is the seepage of effluents of dyeing and printing industries of Sanganer area or due to other relevant causes. The potability of ground water is going to be deteriorated. There is a severe fluoride problem too. 75% of the villagers are suffering from dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis. The fluoride concentration is ranging between 1.5 ppm and 16.5 ppm.The problem of fluoride is so severe that younger generation is going to be impotent. Nalgonda technique and FUC technique have been used for mitigation of fluoride and fluoride concentration has been reduced from 16 ppm to 2 ppm by using this technique. But its removal is very time consuming and use of alumina is not good for health. NF membrane technology can remove over 95% fluoride from ground water in a single operation. NF membranes were not affected by source water composition. Therefore it is suggested that NF membranes could be used in any type of water.