Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

This paper examines the role of ethics in addressing aspects of ecological restoration in culturally-saturated landscapes. Do we have the ethical tools to respond to the complex questions that restoration poses? We can see valued landscapes, such as the English Lake District, as culturally rich or as ecologically denuded. This paper will juxtapose the demands of retaining rich cultural narratives and those of rewilding (which would allow for greater self-sustaining biological diversity and space for unrestrained nature). Using the ethical theory of responsive cohesion, this paper will explore the cultural narrative vs wildness question in the context of the English Lake District.

Keywords

Rewilding hefted place narrative upland

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Acs

, Hanley

, Dallimer

, Gaston

, Roberton

, Wilson

and Armsworthy

. 2010. ‘The effect of decoupling on marginal agricultural systems: Implications for farm incomes, land use and upland ecology’. Land Use Policy 27 (2): 550–563. Crossref.

Bekoff

2014. Rewilding Our Hearts. Novato, CA: New World Library.

Blewett

2016. ‘A Review Examining Rewilding as Conservation, Wildlife Acceptance and Rewilding in the UK’, Edinburgh: M.Sc. dissertation.

Brook

2010. ‘The virtues of gardening’. In O'Brien

(ed.) Gardening: Philosophy for Everyone, pp. 13–25. London: Wiley. Crossref.

Brook

2013. ‘Aesthetic appreciation of landscape’. In Howard

, Thompson

and Waterton

(eds) The Routledge Companion to Landscape Studies, pp. 108–118. London: Routledge.

Brook

2018. ‘Ethics of agricultural landscapes and food production’. In Zeunert

and Waterman

(eds), The Routledge Handbook of Landscape and Food, pp. 367–379. London: Routledge.

Brown

2008 ‘Responsive cohesion and the value of wild nature’, Conference paper at the Canadian Society for Aesthetics in June 2008, http://faculty.philosophy.umd.edu/jhbrown/RCohesion/ (accessed 3 Sept. 2017) Crossref.

Browne

2015. ‘Sources and pathways of microplastics to habitats’. In Bergmann

, Gutow

and Klages

(eds), Marine Anthropogenic Litter (Springer, Cham), pp. 229–244. Crossref.

Casey

2001. ‘Body, self and landscape’. In Adams

, Hoelscher

and Till

(eds), Textures of Place, pp. 403–425. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

10.

Chao

2010. Book Review ATGE Essays in Philosophy 11 (2): 221–230.

11.

Davies

, Morgan

and Werrett

. 2008. ‘Assessment of the impact of hefting’, DEFRA, available at http://sciencesearch.defra.gov.uk/Default.aspx?Module=More&Location=None&ProjectID=15631 (accessed 24 Oct. 2016).

12.

DEFRA. 2010. ‘Farming in the uplands’, Parliament UK, available at http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201011/cmselect/cmenvfru/writev/556/18.htm (accessed 24 Oct. 2016).

13.

Deryabina

, Kuchmel

, Nagorskaya

, Hinton

, Beasley

, Lerebours

and Smith

J.T.

. 2015. ‘Long-term census data reveal abundant wildlife populations at Chernobyl’. Current Biology 25: R811–R826. Crossref.

14.

Drenthen

2009. ‘Ecological restoration and place attachment: emplacing non-places’, Environmental Values 18 (3): 285–312. Crossref.

15.

Drenthen

2018. ‘Rewilding in layered landscapes as a challenge to place identity’. Environmental Values 27 (4): 405–425. Crossref.

16.

Dutton

J.S.

, Clayton

H.T.

and Evans

S.M.

. 2015. ‘The social aspects of wild boar in the Forest of Dean’. Report for the Forestry Commission by the University of Worcester.

17.

European Commission. 2014. EU Platform on Coexistence between People and Large Carnivores, available at: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/conservation/species/carnivores/coexistence_platform.htm (accessed 23 Oct. 2016).

18.

Fox

2009. ‘Ethics, architecture, responsive cohesion, and the transition to a more habitable future’. Paper presented at the Ethics and the Built Environment conference, Nottingham University, 9–11 September. Available Online at: http://www.warwickfox.com/files/2009_eb_nott_conf.pdf (accessed 23 Oct. 2016).

19.

Fox

2006. A Theory of General Ethics: Human Relationships, Nature and the Built Environment. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

20.

Gammon

2018. ‘The many meanings of rewilding: an introduction and the case for a broad conceptualisation’. Environmental Values 27 (4): 331–350. Crossref.

21.

Gray

and Curry

. 2015. ‘Does conservation need an exit strategy? The case for minimal management’. ECOS 36 (2): 2–4.

22.

Griffiths

, Hansen

, Jones

, Zuel

and Harris

. 2011. ‘Resurrecting extinct interactions with extant substitutes’. Current Biology 21 (9): 762–765. Crossref.

23.

Hanley

, Acs

, Dallimer

, Gaston

, Graves

, Morris

and Armsworthy

. 2012. ‘Farm-scale ecological and economic impacts of agricultural change in the uplands’. Land Use Policy 29 (3): 587–597. Crossref.

24.

Holland

and O'Neill

. 1996. ‘The integrity of nature over time: some problems’. Lancaster University: Thingmount Working Paper.

25.

Hourdequin

2013. ‘Restoration and history in a changing world: a case study in ethics for the anthropocene’. Ethics and the Environment 18 (2): 115–134. Crossref.

26.

ICMO. 2010. Natural Processes, Animal Welfare, Moral Aspects and Management of the Oostvaardersplassen. Report of the second International Commission on Management of the Oostvaardersplassen (ICMO2). The Hague/Wageningen, Netherlands.

27.

Jorgensen, D. 2015. ‘Rethinking rewilding’. Geoforum 65: 482–488. Crossref.

28.

Keulartz

2016. ‘Future directions for conservation’. Environmental Values 25 (4): 385–407. Crossref.

29.

Lake District National Park Authority. 2010. Local Development Framework: Core strategy including proposals maps, available at http://www.lakedistrict.gov.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/170299/core_strategy_oct_2010.pdf (accessed 24 Oct. 2016).

30.

Lorimer

, Sandom

, Jepson

, Doughty

, Barua

and Kirby

K.J.

. 2015. ‘Rewilding: science, practice and politics’. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 40: 39–62. Crossref.

31.

Maier

2012. What's so Good about Biodiversity? A Call for Better Reasoning about Nature's Value. Netherlands: Springer. Crossref.

32.

McCullough

2010. Political Ideologies. Ontario: Oxford University Press.

33.

McCullough

2009. ‘An examination of Warwick Fox's notion of responsive cohesion and its relevance for environmental theory’. Paper presented at the Western Political Science Association meeting, University of British Columbia Okanagan, 20 March. Available online at: http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/3/1/7/4/9/pages317491/p317491–1.php (accessed 12 June 2017).

34.

McShane

2012. ‘Some challenges for narrative accounts of value’. Ethics and the Environment 17 (1): 45–69. Crossref.

35.

Monbiot

2014. Feral: Rewilding the Land, Sea and Human Life. London: Penguin Books. Crossref.

36.

Monbiot

2013a. ‘A manifesto for rewilding the world’. The Guardian, 27 May, available at http://www.monbiot.com/2013/05/27/a-manifesto-for-rewilding-the-world/ (accessed 24 Oct. 2016).

37.

Monbiot

2013b. ‘Sheepwrecked’. The Guardian, 30 May, available at http://www.monbiot.com/2013/05/30/sheepwrecked/ (accessed 17 Oct. 2016).

38.

Nordhaus

and Shellenberger

. 2007. Break Through. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

39.

O'Neill

, Holland

and Light

. 2008. Environmental Values. London: Routledge.

40.

Palmer

2011. ‘Place-historical narratives: road – or roadblock – to sustainability?’ Ethics, Policy & Environment 14: 345–59. Crossref.

41.

Pettier

2015. ‘Addicted to Sheep’. http://www.provenancefilms.com/addicted-to-sheep/ (accessed 27 April 2018).

42.

Potteiger

and Purinton

. 1998. Landscape Narratives. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

43.

Prior

and Brady

. 2017. ‘Environmental aesthetics and rewilding’. Environmental Values 26 (1): 31–51. Crossref.

44.

Radford

2009. ‘Responsive cohesion as the foundational value of architecture’. The Journal of Architecture 14 (4): 511–532. Crossref.

45.

Radford

2010. ‘Urban design, ethics, and responsive cohesion’. Building Research & Information 38 (5): 379–389. Crossref.

46.

Relph

1976. Place and Placelessness. London: Pion.

47.

Rebanks

2015. The Shepherd's Life: a Tale of the Lake District. London: Penguin Books.

48.

Rewilding Europe. https://www.rewildingeurope.com/about/mission/ (accessed 22 Oct. 2016).

49.

Rewilding Britain http://www.rewildingbritain.org.uk/assets/uploads/files/publications/Final-flood-report/Rewilding-Britain-Flood-Report-Sep-6–16.pdf (accessed 17 Oct. 2016).

50.

Steinwall

2015. ‘Naturalness or biodiversity: negotiating the dilemma of intervention in Swedish protected area management’. Environmental Values. 24 (1): 31–54.

51.

Crossref Stephens, P. 2008. Book review ATGE. Organisation Environment 21 (4): 488–490. Crossref.

52.

Svenning

J-S.

, Pedersen

, Dolan

, Ejrnæs

, Faurby

, Galetti

, Sandel

, Sandom

, Terborgh

and Vera

. 2016. ‘Science for a wilder Anthropocene: synthesis and future directions for trophic rewilding research’. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. NAS 133 (4) available at www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1502556112 (accessed 24 Oct. 2016).

53.

Sylvén

and Widstrand

. 2015. A Vision for a Wilder Europe 2nd edition. The Wild Foundation, available at http://www.europarc.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/2013-A-vision-for-a-wilder-Europe.pdf (accessed 24 Oct. 2016).

54.

Thompson

2013. ‘Landscape and Environmental Ethics’. In Howard

, Thompson

, and Waterton

(eds) The Routledge Companion to Landscape Studies, pp. 207–21. London: Routledge.

55.

Vera

2009. ‘Large-scale nature development – the Oostvaardersplassen’. British Wildlife 20 (5): 28–36.

56.

Ennerdale

Wild

. 2006. Wild Ennerdale stewardship plan, available at http://www.wildennerdale.co.uk/managing/stewardship-plan/ (accessed 24 Oct. 2016).

57.

Wilson

2015. ‘Community resilience and social memory’. Environmental Values 24 (2): 227–257. Crossref.

58.

Wood

1997. ‘Biodiversity as the source of biological resources: a new look at biodiversity values’. Environmental Values 6: 251–68. Crossref.

Restoring or Re-storying the Lake District: Applying Responsive Cohesion to a Current Problem Situation

Abstract

Keywords

Get full access to this article

References