Increasing evidence in human chronic kidney disease and in animal models indicates the potential utility of dietary soy protein in the treatment of this disorder. A model in which a beneficial soy protein effect has been consistently demonstrated is the Han:SPRD-cy rat model of polycystic kidney disease. Therefore, since dietary soy protein alters renal hemodynamics and prostanoid production, the effects of dietary soy protein on renal prostanoids and related rate-limiting enzymes were examined. Normal and diseased weanling rats were given diets containing casein or soy protein for 7 wk. At 10 wk of age, renal levels of thromboxane B2 (TXB2, stable metabolite of TXA2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and 6-keto PGF1α (stable metabolite of PGI2) and activities of cyclooxygenase 1 (COX1) and COX2 were elevated in diseased compared to normal kidneys. Soy protein feeding resulted in 49% lower in vitro steady-state levels of TXB2, and 76% less 6-keto PGF1α produced by COX1 activity in diseased kidneys, while not altering these parameters in normal kidneys. It also resulted in 47% less TXB2 and 36% lower 6-keto PGF1α produced by COX2 activity in diseased kidneys. The relative effect of soy protein feeding on COX2 activity was in the order of TXB2 > 6-keto PGF1α > PGE2. Diseased kidneys had elevated protein and mRNA levels of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and COX1 and lower levels of COX2. Dietary soy protein attenuated the protein levels of cPLA2 in diseased kidneys, and reduced COX2 mRNA expression in both normal and diseased kidneys. Dietary soy protein therefore reduced the levels of specific renal prostanoids, cPLA2 and COX enzymes in this model of polycystic kidney disease, a model in which soy protein has been demonstrated to reduce disease progression.
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