Abstract
By recording electrocardiograms with many different leads it is possible to find those characteristics which are common to all the curves, that is, which are independent of the particular lead employed. Such characteristics are called the Invariants of the electrocardiogram and correspond to the essential properties of the electrical changes created during the heart action. It is found that these invariants are (1) recurring cycles of 3 complexes each, and (2) the time-intervals between the complexes and of the span of the individual complexes.
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