Body Weight Deficit in the Absence of Reduction in Cerebrum Weight and Nucleic Acid Content in Progeny of Swine Restricted in Protein Intake during Pregnancy

Abstract

Abstract

Fifty-six castrated male progeny of crossbred (Chester White X Landrace X Large White X Yorkshire) dams fed an adequate diet (control, C), a control diet fed at one-third of C (restricted, R), or diets severely deficient in protein (PF) or restricted in nonprotein calories (RCal) were killed at age 25 weeks. Dams were fed their respective diets in the following regimens: C, 1.8 kg (6000 kcal daily) throughout pregnancy; R, 0.6 kg of C diet daily for 70 days, then 1.8 kg of C daily to parturition at about 114 days; PF, 1.8 kg of a “protein-free” diet (<0.2% protein) throughout pregnancy; RCal, 0.6 kg daily (2000 kcal) of a diet containing three times the concentration of protein, minerals, and vitamins provided by the C diet for 70 days, then 1.8 kg of C daily to parturition. All dams were fed an adequate diet ad libitum through a 28-day lactation. Castrated male progeny were assigned to one of two replicates based on birth date and fed a corn-soybean meal diet ad libitum from weaning to age 25 weeks, supplemented from age 10 to 12 weeks with 0, 110, or 220 mg/kg of thyroprotein (iodinated casein). Cerebrum weight was unaffected by maternal diet, despite a significant (P <0.001) reduction in body weight of progeny of PF dams compared with other groups, resulting in a higher relative cerebrum weight in progeny of PF dams than in progeny of C, R, and RCal dams. Absolute and relative weights of RNA, DNA, and total protein in cerebrum were unaffected by maternal diet. Thyroprotein supplementation to the diet of the progeny had no effect on cerebrum weight or its protein or nucleic acid content. It is concluded that maternal protein deprivation but not restriction of feed or nonprotein calorie intake to one-third of recommended allowance during gestation results in stunting of body weight in young adult progeny but does not affect cerebrum weight, cerebrum cell number (DNA), or protein synthetic activity (RNA), or RNA-to-protein ratio.