Protein Abnormalities in Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome,Tuberculosis,and Cystic Fibrosis Sera 1

Abstract

Crossed immunoelectrophoresis (X-IEP) revealed several abnormalities in serum proteins from patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), tuberculosis (TB), and cystic fibrosis (CF). The two quite different kinds of pulmonary disease, one acute (ARDS) and the other chronic (TB and CF) exhibited serum changes specific for each disease and abnormalities associated with inflammation and pathogenesis, in general. In ARDS sera, most proteins were extremely low, presumably due to leakage into the lungs through damaged tissue, while the acute-phase proteins, orosomucoid, α₁-antitrypsin, α₁antichymotrypsin, and haptoglobin, were markedly high when compared to the overall protein pattern. The extremely high α₁antichymotrypsin values were not seen in corresponding TB and CF sera. Numerous TB patients had elevated α₁antitrypsin, α₁antichymotrypsin, and haptoglobin, but only the α₁antitrypsin population mean was significantly different from normal. Gc-globulin, ceruloplasmin, and β-lipoprotein were higher and α₁-lipoprotein and inter-α-trypsin inhibitor lower than normal. All other quantitative serum changes were not statistically significant. Surprisingly, all TB patients belonged to the Gc-1-1 genotype in contrast to the Gc-1-1, Gc-1–2, Gc-2-2 polymorphisms of the other populations. CF homozygote sera revealed statistically significant increases in the acute-phase proteins, α₁-antitrypsin, α₁-antichymotrypsin, and haptoglobin, while orosomucoid, transferrin, IgA, and IgG tended to be higher than normal. The tendency for higher levels of transferrin indicated possible iron deficiency in some patients. In contrast, prealbumin, α₁lipoprotein, and inter-α-trypsin inhibitor were significantly depressed in CF patients. CF heterozygotes shared the decrease of α₁-lipoprotein with the patients while exhibiting small but significant depressions of α₂-macroglobulin and IgG. Though not statistically significant, lowered concentrations of α₁antitrypsin were evident for the heterozygotes.