This research investigated the route choice behavior of cyclists in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, with data collected from a smartphone application deployed to many cyclists in the city. For the study, 4,556 cyclists registered and logged more than 30,000 commuting trips over 9 months. In addition to the time-stamped, second-by-second GPS readings on each trip, information on age, gender, and rider history was collected on a voluntary basis. Multinomial logit route choice models were estimated for the commuting cycling trips. The results revealed the critical importance of cycling facilities (e.g., bike lanes, cycling paths and trails) on cyclists’ route choice decisions, and provided valuable information for use in Toronto’s ongoing bicycle network planning.
HoodJ., SallE., and CharltonB.. A GPS-Based Bicycle Route Choice Model for San Francisco, California. Transportation Letters: The International Journal of Transportation Research, Vol. 3, 2011, pp. 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3328/TL.2011.03.01.63-75.
6.
Aultman-HallL., HallF., and BaetzB.. Analysis of Bicycle Commuter Routes Using Geographic Information Systems: Implications for Bicycle Planning. Transportation Research Record, No. 1578, 1997, pp. 102–110. https://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1578-13.
7.
HyodoT., SuzukiN., and TakahashiK.. Modeling of Bicycle Route and Destination Choice Behavior for Bicycle Road Network Plan. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1705, 2000, pp. 70–76. https://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1705-11.
8.
HowardC., and BurnsE. K.. Cycling to Work in Phoenix: Route Choice, Travel Behavior, and Commuter Characteristics. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1773, 2001, pp. 39–46. https://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1773-05.
9.
YangC., and MesbahM.. Route Choice Behaviour of Cyclists by Stated Preference and Revealed Preference. In Australasian Transport Research Forum 2013 Proceedings, Brisbane, Australia, 2013.
AbrahamJ. E., McMillanS., BrownleeA. T., and HuntJ. D.. Investigation of Cycling Sensitivities. Presented at 81st Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 2002.
12.
KrizekK. J.Two Approaches to Valuing Some of Bicycle Facilities’ Presumed Benefits: Propose a Session for the 2007 National Planning Conference in the City of Brotherly Love. Journal of the American Planning Association, Vol. 72, No. 3, 2006, pp. 309–320. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944360608976753.
13.
TilahunN., LevinsonD., and KrizekK.. Trails, Lanes, or Traffic: Valuing Bicycle Facilities with an Adaptive Stated Preference Survey. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Vol. 41, No. 4, 2007, pp. 287–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2006.09.007.
14.
MenghiniG., CarrascoN., SchüsslerN., and AxhausenK. W.. Route Choice of Cyclists in Zurich. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Vol. 44, No. 9, 2010, pp. 754–765. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2010.07.008.
15.
BierlaireM., and FrejingerE.. Route Choice Modeling with Network-Free Data. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, Vol. 16, No. 2, 2008, pp. 187–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2007.07.007.
16.
BroachJ., DillJ., and GliebeJ.. Where Do Cyclists Ride? A Route Choice Model Developed with Revealed Preference GPS Data. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Vol. 46, No. 10, 2012, pp. 1730–1740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2012.07.005.
17.
PucherJ., and RenneJ.. Socioeconomics of Urban Travel: Evidence from the 2001 NHTS. Transportation Quarterly, Vol. 57, No. 3, 2003, pp. 49–77.
18.
BovyP. H. L., and BradleyM. A.. Route Choice Analyzed with Stated-Preference Approaches. Transportation Research Record, No. 1037, 1985, pp. 1–11.
19.
StinsonM. A., and BhatC. R.. Commuter Bicyclist Route Choice: Analysis Using a Stated Preference Survey. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1828, 2003, pp. 107–115. https://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1828-13.
20.
SenerI. N., NaveenE., and BhatC. R.. An Analysis of Bicycle Route Choice Preferences in Texas. Transportation, Vol. 36, No. 5, 2009, pp. 511–539.
21.
HulseL. K., and ShafizadehK. R.. Bicycle Travel-to-Work Patterns. In Proceedings 10th National Conference for Undergraduate Research. University of North Carolina, Asheville. Vol. 2, 1996, pp. 1162–1166.
Rieser-SchüsslerN., BalmerM., and AxhausenK. W.. Route Choice Sets for Very High-Resolution Data. Transportmetrica A: Transportation Science, Vol. 9, No. 9, 2013, pp. 825–845.
26.
OldsT. S., NortonK., and CraigN.. Mathematical Model of Cycling Performance. Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 75, No. 2, 1993, pp. 730–737.
27.
Ben-AkivaM., and BierlaireM.. Discrete Choice Methods and Their Applications to Short Term Travel Decisions. In Handbook of Transportation Science (HallR. W., ed.), Springer, 1999, pp. 5–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5203-1_2.
28.
BierlaireM.BIOGEME: A Free Package for the Estimation of Discrete Choice Models. Presented at 3rd Swiss Transportation Research Conference, Ascona, Switzerland, 2003.
