A generalized framework consisting of a stochastic model, a responsive control method, and typical scenarios using vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) communication is proposed to improve pedestrian safety. The proposed stochastic model formulates various effects of uncertainties in a V2P communication system. The responsive control method is used to improve pedestrian safety under V2P communication conditions. Results show that adopting only Bluetooth or Wi-Fi (wireless local area network) technology, which has a high establishment time, is not sufficient for V2P communication, whereas dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) featuring low latencies meets requirements. A case study in the field was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of responsive control; it was concluded that with the use of the proposed model and the responsive control method, Bluetooth technology combined with DSRC could be workable for active pedestrian protection.
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