This paper presents a comprehensive model of injury severity that accounts for unmeasured driver behavior attributes. The results of the model have important implications for the design of safety interventions and advanced vehicular features and technologies. Engineering designs that accommodate the diminished capabilities of older drivers, that include rear-seat safety features, and that alert drivers to potential frontal collisions before they occur (collision warning systems and automated braking systems) would contribute to substantial reductions in injury severity for occupants of vehicles.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Global Status Report on Road Safety 2013. World Health Organization. Geneva, 2013.
2.
Traffic Safety Facts 2013: A Compilation of Motor Vehicle Crash Data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System and the General Estimates System, NHTSA, U.S. Department of Transportation, 2014.
3.
BhatC. R.A New Generalized Heterogeneous Data Model (GHDM) to Jointly Model Mixed Types of Dependent Variables. Transportation Research Part B, Vol. 79, 2015, pp. 50–77.
4.
PetridouE., and MoustakiM.. Human Factors in the Causation of Road Traffic Crashes. European Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 16, No. 9, 2000, pp. 819–826.
5.
ConstantinouE., PanayiotouG., KonstantinouN., Loutsiou-LaddA., and KapardisA.. Risky and Aggressive Driving in Young Adults: Personality Matters. Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 43, 2011, pp. 1323–1331.
6.
Taubman-Ben-AriO., and YehielD.. Driving Styles and Their Associations with Personality and Motivation. Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 45, 2012, pp. 416–422.
7.
BeanlandV., SellbomM., and JohnsonA. K.. Personality Domains and Traits that Predict Self-Reported Aberrant Driving Behaviours in a Southeastern U.S. University Sample. Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 72, 2014, pp. 184–192.
8.
SavolainenP. T., ManneringF. L., LordD., and QuddusM. A.. The Statistical Analysis of Highway Crash-Injury Severities: A Review and Assessment of Methodological Alternatives. Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 43, 2011, pp. 1666–1676.
9.
ManneringF. L., and BhatC. R.. Analytic Methods in Accident Research: Methodological Frontier and Future Directions. Analytic Methods in Accident Research, Vol. 1, 2014, pp. 1–22.
10.
PaletiR., EluruN., and BhatC. R.. Examining the Influence of Aggressive Driving Behavior on Driver Injury Severity in Traffic Crashes. Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 42, 2010, pp. 1839–1854.
11.
KimJ. K., UlfarssonG. F., KimS., and ShankarV. N.. Driver-Injury Severity in Single-Vehicle Crashes in California: A Mixed Logit Analysis of Heterogeneity Due to Age and Gender. Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 50, 2013, pp. 1073–1081.
12.
DonmezB., and LiuZ.. Associations of Distraction Involvement and Age with Driver Injury Severities. Journal of Safety Research, Vol. 52, 2015, pp. 23–28.
13.
CastroM., PaletiR., and BhatC. R.. A Spatial Generalized Ordered Response Model to Examine Highway Crash Injury Severity. Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 52, 2013, pp. 188–203.
14.
WeissH. B., KaplanS., and PratoC. G.. Analysis of Factors Associated with Injury Severity in Crashes Involving Young New Zealand Drivers. Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 65, 2014, pp. 142–155.
15.
MayroseJ., and PriyaA.. The Safest Seat: Effect of Seating Position on Occupant Mortality. Journal of Safety Research, Vol. 39, 2008, pp. 433–436.
16.
DurbinD. R., JermakianJ. S., KallanM. J., McCarttA. T., ArbogastK. B., ZonfrilloM. R., and MyersR. K.. Rear Seat Safety: Variation in Protection by Occupant, Crash, and Vehicle Characteristics. Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 80, 2015, pp. 185–192.
17.
YasminS., EluruN., PinjariA. R., and TayR.. Examining Driver Injury Severity in Two Vehicle Crashes: A Copula Based Approach. Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 66, 2014, pp. 120–135.
18.
AbayK. A., PaletiR., and BhatC. R.. The Joint Analysis of Injury Severity of Drivers in Two-Vehicle Crashes Accommodating Seat Belt Use Endogeneity. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Vol. 50, 2013, pp. 74–89.
19.
EluruN., PaletiR., PendyalaR. M., and BhatC. R.. Modeling Injury Severity of Multiple Occupants of Vehicles: Copula-Based Multivariate Approach. In Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2165, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2010, pp. 1–11.
20.
EluruN., and BhatC. R.. A Joint Econometric Analysis of Seat Belt Use and Crash-Related Injury Severity. Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 39, 2007, pp. 1037–1049.
21.
SümerN.Personality and Behavioral Predictors of Traffic Accidents: Testing a Contextual Mediated Model. Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 35, No. 6, 2003, pp. 949–964.
McEvoyS. P., StevensonM. R., and WoodwardM.. The Prevalence of, and Factors Associated With, Serious Crashes Involving a Distracting Activity. Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 39, 2007, pp. 475–482.
24.
OwsleyC., BallK., McGwinG.Jr., SloaneM. E., RoenkerD. L., WhiteM. F., and OverleyE. T.. Visual Processing Impairment and Risk of Motor Vehicle Crash Among Older Adults. Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 279, No. 14, 1998, pp. 1083–1088.
25.
FleiterJ. J., LennonA., and WatsonB.. How Do Other People Influence Your Driving Speed? Exploring the “Who” and the “How” of Social Influences on Speeding from a Qualitative Perspective. Transportation Research Part F, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2010, pp. 49–62.
26.
JuY. H., and SohnS. Y.. Quantification Method Analysis of the Relationship Between Occupant Injury and Environmental Factors in Traffic Accidents. Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 43, 2011, pp. 342–351.
27.
BilstonL. E., DuW., and BrownJ.. A Matched-Cohort Analysis of Belted Front and Rear Seat Occupants in Newer and Older Model Vehicles Shows that Gains in Front Occupant Safety Have Outpaced Gains for Rear Seat Occupants. Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 42, 2010, pp. 1974–1977.
28.
RobertiJ. W.A Review of Behavioral and Biological Correlates of Sensation Seeking. Journal of Research in Personality, Vol. 38, No. 3, 2004, pp. 256–279.
