Effect of Increases in Speed Limits on Severities of Injuries in Accidents

Abstract

The influence of speed limits on roadway safety has been a subject of continuous debate in the state of Indiana and nationwide. In Indiana, highway-related accidents result in about 900 fatalities and 40,000 injuries annually and place an incredible social and economic burden on the state. Still, speed limits posted on highways and other roads are routinely exceeded as drivers try to balance safety, mobility (speed), and the risks and penalties associated with law enforcement efforts. The combined issue of speed limits and safety issue has been a matter of considerable concern in Indiana since the state raised its speed limits on rural Interstates and selected multilane highways on July 1, 2005. In this paper, the influence of the posted speed limit on the severity of vehicle accidents is studied through Indiana accident data from 2004 (the year before speed limits were raised) and 2006 (the year after speed limits were raised on rural Interstates and some multilane non-Interstate routes). Statistical models estimated the injury severity of different types of accidents on various roadway classes. The results of the model estimations showed that, for the speed limit ranges currently used, speed limits did not have a statistically significant effect on the severity of accidents on Interstate highways. However, for some non-Interstate highways, higher speed limits were found to be associated with higher accident severities, suggesting that future speed limit changes, on non-Interstate highways in particular, need to be carefully assessed on a case-by-case basis.

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