This study tested an integrated process model of travel behavior modification. The model combined a theory of planned behavior, a theory of norm activation, a theory of implementation intention, and theories of habit. To test the integrated model, panel data (n = 208) obtained before and after travel feedback programs (TFPs) were used (the TFP is a communication program aimed at voluntary modification of travel behavior, from automobile use to nonautomobile means of travel such as public transit and bicycle). A structural equations model using the collected data tested the integrated model. The results indicated that habit prevented people from forming behavioral intentions for behavior change; behavior change was induced by implementation intentions, which were influenced by behavior intentions; behavioral intentions were influenced by altruistic determinants.
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