Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

Sulfate emissions from marine transport are an important part of the global sulfate emissions inventory. This study estimates long-term average sulfate deposition from marine transport in two general areas of the United States: the West Coast and the Great Lakes region. An analytical model of sulfate dispersion and reaction is used to predict combined wet and dry deposition rates. Emissions are roughly three times higher in the Great Lakes region than off the West Coast and result in substantially higher deposition rates from marine transport. In all locations studied, the contributions of marine transport to overall deposition rates were modest, in the range of 0.2 kg/ha-year to 2 kg/ha-year. Under-standing the contribution from marine sources will help improve overall estimates of the sources of acid deposition and help focus regulatory attention on the most promising areas for reducing deposition rates in inland areas.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Corbett

J. J.

, Fischbeck

P. S.

, and Pandis

S. N.

. Global Nitrogen and Sulfur Emissions Inventories for Oceangoing Ships. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 104, No. D3, 1999, pp. 3,457–3,470.

Corbett

J. J.

, and Koehler

H. W.

. Updated Emissions from Ocean Shipping. Journal of Geophysical Research, Atmospheres, Vol. 108, No. D20, 2003, pp. 4,650–4,666.

Endresen

, SOrgård

, Sunder

J. K.

, DalsOren

S. B.

, Isaksen

I. S. A.

, Berglen

T. F.

, and Gravir

. Emission From International Sea Transportation and Environmental Impact. Journal of Geophysical Research, Atmospheres, Vol. 108, No. D17, 2003, pp. 4,560–4,582.

Corbett

J. J.

, and Fischbeck

P. F.

. Emissions from Ships. Science, Vol. 278, No. 5339, 1997, pp. 823–824.

Capaldo

, Corbett

J. J.

, Kasibhatla

, Fishbeck

, and Pandis

S. N.

. Effects of Ship Emissions on Sulphur Cycling and Radiative Climate Forcing Over the Ocean. Nature, Vol. 400, No. 19, 1999, pp. 743–746.

Corbett

J. J.

, and Fischbeck

P. F.

. Commercial Marine Emissions and Life-Cycle Analysis of Retrofit Controls in a Changing Science and Policy Environment. Naval Engineers Journal, Vol. 114, No. 1, 2002, pp. 93–104.

Corbett

J. J.

Emissions from Ships in the Northwestern United States. Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 36, No. 6, 2002, pp. 1,299–1,306.

Corbett

J. J.

, and Farrell

. Mitigating Air Pollution Impacts of Passenger Ferries. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, Vol. 7, No. 3, 2002, pp. 197–211.

Fay

J. A.

, and Rosenzweig

J. J.

. An Analytical Diffusion Model for Long Distance Transport of Air Pollutants. Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 14, No. 3, 1980, pp. 355–365.

10.

Marine Exchange of Southern California. http://www.mxsocal.org/vtsintro.htm

11.

The St. Lawrence Seaway Traffic Report, 2002 Navigation Season. St. Lawrence Seaway Management Corporation and Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation, Cornwall, Ontario, 2002, p. 49.

12.

EPA Acid Rain Program 2001 Progress Report. EPA-430-R-02-009. Clean Air Markets Program, Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 2002. http://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/cmprpt/arp01/2001report.pdf

13.

New York State Atmospheric Deposition Monitoring. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, 2000. http://www.dec.state.ny.us/website/dar/baqs/acidrain/

14.

Acid Deposition Rates in California. Report No. 96-13. Air Resources Board, California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, 1996.

15.

Lynch

J. A.

, Bowersox

V. C.

, and Grimm

J. W.

. Changes in Sulfate Deposition in Eastern USA Following Implementation of Phase I of Title IV of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 34, No. 11, 2000, pp. 1,665–1,680.

Inland Sulfate Deposition in North America from Marine Emissions

Abstract

Get full access to this article

References