The maritime transportation system (MTS), a truly multimodal industry, is in the unique position of being able to implement technologies borrowed from other areas and combine them with innovations developed within the industry to achieve continued advancement. There is an increasing need for better environmental performance in the industry; this is generally accomplished through new or adopted technologies. Previous research has explored the independent ideas of individual technological or environmental policy achievements. The role of technology in achieving environmental policy goals in the marine shipping industry is addressed, and the efficacy of various types of environmental policy mechanisms in promoting appropriate technologies is considered. Two case studies involving the environmental impacts associated with MTS (air pollution and nonindigenous species introductions) are evaluated. These two environmental problems were initially regulated with environmental standards but have shown a potential for being addressed with more innovative policy approaches. A better understanding of how the industry creates and diffuses technologies and the manner in which various policy mechanisms promote these activities could lead to more effective long-term solutions for environmental improvements.
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