Abstract
The events of September 11, 2001, brought the issue of transportation security and terrorism to the forefront of policy and government. Public surface transportation systems are especially vulnerable because they are by nature open and accessible. They also serve large numbers of people in extensive networks. Case studies of transit systems and terrorist incidents offer examples of effective planning and response as well as gaps in security systems. Systems in London and Paris have experienced bombing attacks. Tokyo was the site of a chemical attack. Preparation against terrorist attacks involves assessments of vulnerabilities, mitigation of weaknesses in the system, and the development of effective response and emergency plans. Cost factors are a particular concern for transit officials. The use of design elements, closed-circuit television, training, and exercises, together with the establishment of close relationships with other local, state, and federal agencies, appears to be the most cost-effective security option.
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