A method is presented to process full motion video of traffic scenes to estimate bicycle location, speed, and acceleration at a given rate of image processing. The technique presented to estimate bicycle location data from video frames is based on transforming screen coordinates of video frames to ground or roadway coordinates and is known as rectification. The numerical technique and the error analysis are presented. This technique will allow researchers to video record traffic scenes and analyze them to estimate various microscopic and macroscopic traffic flow measures. These measures may be used to develop and validate traffic flow models. Very few studies have been conducted to study bicycle flow characteristics. The data collection technique presented here should allow researchers to collect bicycle flow data at very low cost.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
PucherJ., KomanoffC., and SchimekP.Bicycling Renaissance in North America? Recent Trends and Alternative Policies to Promote Bicycling. Transportation Research Part A, Vol. 33, 1999, pp. 625–654.
2.
Highway Capacity Manual. TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 2000.
3.
BotmaH., and PapendrechtH.Traffic Operation of Bicycle Traffic. Transportation Research Record 1320, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1991, pp. 65–72.
4.
BotmaH., and PapendrechtJ. H.Operational Quality of Traffic on a Bicycle Path. In Compendium of Technical Papers, ITE 63rd Annual Meeting, 1993, pp. 81–85.
5.
BotmaH.Method to Determine Level of Service for Bicycle Paths and Pedestrian-Bicycle Paths. Transportation Research Record 1502, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1995, pp. 38–44.
6.
AllenD. P., HummerJ. E., RouphailN. M., and MilazzoJ. S.IIEffect of Bicycles on Capacity of Signalized Intersections. Transportation Research Record 1646, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1998, pp. 87–95.
7.
HormanC. B., and TurnbullH. H.Design and Analysis of Round-abouts. Proc., 7th ARRB Conference, Vol. 7, No. 4, 1974, pp. 58–82.
8.
HolmesE. H.Procedure Employed in Analyzing Passing Practices of Motor Vehicles. Public Roads, Vol. 19, No. 1, 1939, pp. 209–221.
9.
TreitererJ.Investigation of Traffic Dynamics by Aerial Photogrammetry Techniques. Transportation Research Center, Department of Civil Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, 1975.
10.
KhatibZ.Use of Video-Based Traffic Data Collection and Detection in Teaching, Research, and Applications. Proc., National Traffic Data Acquisition Conference, Albuquerque, N.Mex., Vol. 1, 1996, pp. 467–481.
11.
GreenfeldJ. S., AlamM., and PignataroL. J.Extraction of Traffic Data Using Stereo-Video Image Processing. Presented at the 73rd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 1994.
12.
DraneC. R., and RizosC.Positioning Systems in Intelligent Transportation Systems. The Artech House ITS Series. Boston, 1998.
13.
QuirogaG. A., and BullockD.Travel Time Studies with Global Positioning Systems: An Integrated Methodology. Transportation Research C, Vol. 6, Nos. 1-2, 1998, pp. 101–127.
14.
KhanS., MainiP., and ThanasupsinK.Car-Following and Collision Constraint Models For Uninterrupted Traffic: Reexamination Using High-Precision Global Positioning System Data. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1710, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 2000, pp. 37–46.
15.
CyneckiM. J., PerryG., and FrangosG.Study of Bicyclist Characteristics in Phoenix, Arizona. Transportation Research Record 1405, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1993, pp. 28–34.
16.
HarkeyD. L., and StewartJ. R.Evaluation of Shared-Use Facilities for Bicycles and Motor Vehicles. Transportation Research Record 1578, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1997, pp. 111–118.
17.
OpielaK. S., KhasnabisS., and DattaT. K.Determination of the Characteristics of Bicycle Traffic at Urban Intersections. Transportation Research Record 743, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1980, pp. 30–38.
18.
NavinF. P. D.Bicycle Traffic Flow Characteristics: Experimental Results and Comparisons. ITE Journal, Vol. 64, No. 3, 1994, pp. 31–37.
19.
WeiH., and FengC.Video-Capture-Based Methodology for Extracting Multiple Vehicle Trajectories for Microscopic Simulation Modeling. Presented at the 78th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 1999.
20.
GhoshS. K.Analytical Photogrammetry. Pergamon Press, New York, 1979.
21.
KhanS. I., and RaksuntornW.Characteristics of Passing and Meeting Maneuvers on Exclusive Bicycle Paths. In Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1776, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 2001 (in press).
22.
MainiP., and KhanS.Discharge Characteristics of Heterogeneous Traffic at Signalized Intersections. In Transportation Research Circular E-C018: Fourth International Symposium on Highway Capacity, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 2000, pp. 258–270.
23.
MainiP., and KhanS. I.Establishing Dynamic Vehicle Characteristics of Mixed Traffic Using Video Image Processing. Proc., 6th International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering, Singapore, 2000.
