Nonmotorized transport (NMT) modes such as bicycles, cycle rickshaws, animal carts, and pedestrians play a major role in moving passengers and freight in many countries. A formal method has been developed for calculating the operating costs incurred by NMT on roads and thereby for estimating the benefits derived by NMT from road improvements. This method has been incorporated in the Highway Development and Management system, the successor to the Highway Design and Maintenance Standards Model developed by the World Bank.
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