Overview of Some Human Factors Design Issues for In-Vehicle Navigation and Route Guidance Systems

Abstract

In-vehicle navigation and route guidance systems have been proposed as solutions to the congestion problem. For these systems to be effective, drivers should be able to understand the information and respond in a safe manner. Some of the human factors issues associated with the design of these systems are discussed. The focus is on the safety and human factors issues while the person is driving on the road. The following issues are addressed in detail: mode of information presentation, information content and format, message timing, display location, and driver interaction with devices. Conclusions and areas for future research are also provided.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Sanders

M. S.

, and McCormick

E. J.

. Human Factors in Engineering and Design. McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, 1993.

Stokes

, Wickens

, and Kite

. Display Technology: Human Factors Aspects. SAE, Warrendale, Pa., 1990.

Dingus

T. A.

, and Hulse

M. C.

. Some Human Factors Design Issues and Recommendations for Automobile Navigation Information Systems. Transportation Research, Vol. 1C, No. 2, 1993, pp. 119–131.

Landau

, Hanley

, and Hein

C. M.

. Application of Existing Human Factors Guidelines to ATIS. In Human Factors in Intelligent Transportation Systems ( Barfield

and Dingus

, eds.), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, N.J., 1998, pp. 397–443.

Dingus

T. A.

, Hulse

M. C.

, and Barfield

. Human-System Interface Issues in the Design and Use of Advanced Traveler Information Systems. In Human Factors in Intelligent Transportation Systems ( Barfield

and Dingus

T. A.

, eds.), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, N.J., 1998, pp. 359–396.

Streeter

L. A.

, Vitello

, and Wonsiewicz

S. A.

. How To Tell People Where To Go: Comparing Navigation Aids. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, Vol. 22, 1985, pp. 549–562.

Walker

, Alicandri

, Sedney

, and Roberts

. In-Vehicle Navigation Devices: Effects on the Safety of Driver Performance. Report FHWA-RD-90-053. FHWA, Washington, D.C. May 1990.

Parkes

A. M.

, and Burnett

G. E.

. An Evaluation of Medium Range Advance Information in Route-Guidance Displays for Use in Vehicles. Proc., 4th International IEEE Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference, 1993, pp. 238–241.

Fastenmeier

, Haller

, and Lerner

. A Preliminary Safety Evaluation of Route Guidance Comparing Different MMI Concepts. Proc., First ATT/IVHS World Congress, Vol. 4, 1994, pp. 1750–1757.

10.

Srinivasan

, Yang

C. Z.

, Jovanis

P. P.

, Kitamura

, and Anwar

. Simulation Study of Driving Performance with Selected Route Guidance Systems. Transportation Research, Vol. 2C, No. 2, 1994, pp. 73–90.

11.

Srinivasan

, and Jovanis

. Effect of In-Vehicle Route Guidance Systems on Driver Workload and Choice of Vehicle Speed: Findings from a Driving Simulator Experiment. In Ergonomics and Safety of Intelligent Driver Interfaces ( Noy

Y. I.

, ed.), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, N.J., 1997, pp. 97–114.

12.

Srinivasan

, and Jovanis

. Effect of Selected In-Vehicle Route Guidance Systems on Driver Reaction Times. Human Factors, Vol. 39, No. 2, 1997, pp. 200–215.

13.

Zaidel

D. M.

, and Noy

Y. I.

. Automatic Versus Interactive Vehicle Navigation Aids. In Ergonomics and Safety of Intelligent Driver Interfaces ( Noy

Y. I.

, ed.), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, N.J., 1997, pp. 287–308.

14.

Dingus

T. A.

, Hulse

M. C.

, Mollenhauer

M. A.

, Fleischman

R. N.

, McGehee

D. V.

, and Manakkal

. Effect of Age, System Experience, and Navigation Technique on Driving with an Advanced Traveler Information System. Human Factors, Vol. 39, No. 2, 1997, pp. 177–199.

15.

Means

L. G.

, Carpenter

J. T.

, Szczublewski

F. E.

, Dingus

T. A.

, Krage

M. K.

, and Fleischman

R. N.

. Design of TravTek Auditory Interface. In Transportation Research Record 1403, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1993, pp. 1–6.

16.

Schraagen

J. M. C.

Information Presentation in In-Car Navigation Systems. In Driving Future Vehicles ( Parkes

A. M.

and Franzen

, eds.), Taylor & Francis, London, 1993, pp. 171–185.

17.

Davis

J. R.

Back Seat Driver: Voice-Assisted Automobile Navigation. Ph.D. thesis. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 1989.

18.

Bucher

N. M

, Karl

R. L.

, Voorhees

J. W.

, and Werner

. Alerting Prefixes for Speech Warning Messages. IEEE Transactions, 1984, pp. 924–931.

19.

Roelofs

J. C.

Synthetic Speech in Practice: Acceptance and Efficiency. Behavior and Information Technology, Vol. 6, No. 4, 1987, pp. 403–410.

20.

Fleischman

R. N.

, and Dingus

T. A.

. Human Factors Participation in Large-Scale Intelligent Transportation System Design and Evaluation. In Human Factors in Intelligent Transportation Systems ( Barfield

and Dingus

T. A.

, eds.), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, N.J., 1998, pp. 247–286.

21.

Srinivasan

, Jovanis

, Landau

, Laur

, Lee

, and Hein

C. M.

. California Advanced Driver Information System II (CADIS II): Extended Tests of Audio and Visual Route Guidance Displays. Report UCD-ITS-RR-95-3. Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Davis, Feb. 1995.

22.

Campbell

J. L.

, Carney

, and Kantowitz

B. H.

. Development of Human Factors Guidelines for Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) and Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO). Draft report. FHWA, Washington, D.C., 1997.

23.

Antin

J. F.

, Dingus

T. A.

, Hulse

M. C.

, and Wierwille

W. W.

. An Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Efficiency of an Automobile Moving-Map Navigational Display. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, Vol. 33, 1990, pp. 581–594.

24.

Burnett

, and Joyner

. An Assessment of Moving Map and Symbol-Based Route Guidance Systems. In Ergonomics and Safety of Intelligent Driver Interfaces ( Noy

Y. I.

, ed.), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, N.J., 1997, pp. 115–138.

25.

Yamaguchi

Nissan’s BirdView Navigation Map Display. Automotive Engineering, Aug. 1995, p. 33.

26.

Green

, and Williams

. Perspective in Orientation/Navigation Displays: A Human Factors Test. Proc., 3rd International Conference on Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems, 1992, pp. 221–226.

27.

Green

, Williams

, Hoekstra

, George

, and Wen

. Initial On-the-Road Tests of Driver Information System Interfaces: Route Guidance, Traffic Information, IVSAWS, and Vehicle Monitoring. Report UMTRI-93-32. Transportation Research Institute, University of Michigan, Nov. 1993.

28.

Akamatsu

, Yoshioko

, Imacho

, Daimon

, and Kawashima

. Analysis of Driving a Car with a Navigation System in an Urban Area. In Ergonomics and Safety of Intelligent Driver Interfaces ( Noy

Y. I.

, ed.), Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers, Mahwah, N.J., 1997, pp. 85–96.

29.

Wierwille

W. W.

, Hulse

M. C.

, Fischer

T. J.

, and Dingus

T. A.

. Effects of Variations in Driving Task Attentional Demand on In-Car Navigation System Usage. IEOR Department Report 87-02. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Sept. 1987.

30.

Wierwille

W. W.

, Antin

J. F.

, Dingus

T. A.

, and Hulse

M. C.

. Visual Attentional Demand of an In-Car Navigation Display System. In Vision in Vehicles II ( Gale

A. G.

et al., eds.), Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., North-Holland, 1988.

31.

Dingus

T. A.

, Antin

J. F.

, Hulse

M. C.

, and Wierwille

W. W.

. Attentional Demand Requirements of an Automobile Moving-Map Navigation System. Transportation Research, Vol. 23 A, No 4, 1989, pp. 301–315.

32.

Zaidel

D. M.

Specification of a Methodology for Investigating the Human Factors of Advanced Driver Information Systems. Report TP 11199 E. Ergonomics Division, Road Safety and Motor Vehicle Regulation, Transport Canada, Sept. 1991.

33.

Fairclough

S. H.

, and Maternaghan

. Changes in Driver’s Visual Behavior Due to the Introduction of Complex Versus Simple Route Navigation Information. In Visual Search 2 ( Brogan

et al., eds.), Taylor & Francis, London, 1990, pp. 419–431.

34.

Parkes

A. M.

, Fairclough

S. H.

, and Ross

. Multi Level Evaluations of In-Vehicle Route Navigation Systems. In Contemporary Ergonomics ( Lovesey

E. J.

, ed.), Taylor & Francis, London, 1991, pp. 157–162.

35.

Fairclough

S. H.

, Ashby

M. C.

, and Parkes

A. M.

. In-Vehicle Displays, Visual Workload and Usability Evaluation. In Vision in Vehicles-IV ( Gale

A. G.

et al., eds.), Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., North-Holland, 1993, pp. 245–254.

36.

Zwahlen

H. T.

, Adams

C. C.

, and DeBald

D. P.

. Safety Aspects of CRTTouch Panel Controls in Automobiles. In Vision in Vehicles II ( Gale

A. G.

et al., eds.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1988, pp. 335–344.

37.

McKnight

A. J.

, and McKnight

A. S.

. The Effect of In-Vehicle Navigation Information Systems upon Driver Attention. AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, Washington, D.C., April 1992.

38.

Wochinger

, and Boehm-Davis

. Navigational Preference and Driver Acceptance of Advanced Traveler Information Systems. In Ergonomics and Safety of Intelligent Driver Interfaces ( Noy

Y. I.

, ed.), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, N.J., 1997, pp. 345–362.

39.

Pohlmann

, and Traenkle

. Orientation in Road Traffic: Age-Related Differences Using an In-Vehicle Navigation System and a Conventional Map. Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 26, No. 6, 1994, pp. 689–702.

40.

Ross

, Vaughan

, and Nicole

. Design Guidelines for Route Guidance Systems: Development Process and an Empirical Example for Timing of Guidance Instructions. In Ergonomics and Safety of Intelligent Driver Interfaces ( Noy

Y. I.

, ed.), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, N.J. 1997 pp. 139–152.

41.

Green

, and George

. When Should Auditory Guidance Systems Tell Drivers to Turn? Proc., 39th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 1995, pp. 1072–1076.

42.

Shekhar

, Coyle

M. S.

, Shargal

, Kozak

J. J.

, and Hancock

P. A.

. Design and Validation of Headup Displays for Navigation in IVHS. Proc., 2nd International IEEE Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference, 1991, pp. 537–542.

43.

Ward

N. J.

, and Parkes

. Head-Up Displays and Their Automotive Application: An Overview of Human Factors Issues Affecting Safety. Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 26, No. 6, 1994, pp. 703–717.

44.

Tufano

Automotive HUDs: The Overlooked Safety Issues. Human Factors, Vol. 39, No. 2, 1997, pp. 303–311.

45.

Sojourner

R. J.

, and Antin

J. F.

. The Effect of a Simulated Head-Up Display Speedometer on Perceptual Task Performance. Human Factors, Vol. 32, 1990, pp. 329–339.

46.

Tijerina

Route Guidance System Destination Entry While Driving: A Test Track Study. ITS America: Safety and Human Factors Committee Meeting, Detroit, May 1998.

47.

Srinivasan

, and Jovanis

. Driver Perceptions to Information on Traffic Congestion and Attributes of Alternate Routes. Proc., 8th Annual Meeting of ITS America, Detroit, May 1998.