Abstract
The design, manufacture, and installation of concrete pipe have changed significantly under the new standard installation direct design (SIDD) beddings. The Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT) initiated a research project to evaluate the benefits of these new installations in conjunction with state-of-the-art means for determining soil stiffness and, thereby, its effect on concrete pipe performance. The methodology used to develop the test installations, how the pipes were instrumented, and the significance of soil stiffness relative to soil density is described. The performance of concrete pipe under both the SIDD and MnDOT standard installations, the resulting variability found with specific soils, and recommendations for concrete pipe design and installation are also addressed.
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