. AlfredsonHOhbergL: Increased intratendinous vascularity in the early period after sclerosing injection treatment in Achilles tendinosis: a healing response?Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc.14:399–401, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00167-006-0720-7.
5.
. AlfredsonHOhbergLZeisigELorentzonR: Treatment of midportion Achilles tendinosis: similar clinical results with US and CD-guided surgery outside the tendon and sclerosing polidocanol injections. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc.15:1504–9, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00167-007-0415-8.
6.
. AlfredsonHPietilaTJonssonPLorentzonR: Heavy-load eccentric calf muscle training for the treatment of chronic Achilles tendinosis. Am J Sports Med.26:360–6, 1998.
7.
. AlfredsonHThorsenKLorentzonR: In situ microdialysis in tendon tissue: high levels of glutamate, but not prostaglandin E2 in chronic Achilles tendon pain. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc.7:378–381, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001670050184.
8.
. AlfredsonHZeisigEFahlstromM: No normalisation of the tendon structure and thickness after intratendinous surgery for chronic painful midportion Achilles tendinosis. Br J Sports Med.2008.
9.
. AnderssonGDanielsonPAlfredsonHForsgrenS: Nerverelated characteristics of ventral paratendinous tissue in chronic Achilles tendinosis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc,15(10): 1272–9, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00167-007-0364-2.
10.
. AstromMGentzCFNilssonP: Imaging in chronic Achilles tendinopathy: a comparison of ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging and surgical findings in 27 histologically verified cases. Skeletal Radiol, 25(7): 615–20, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050146.
11.
. BjordalJLopes-MartinsRIversenW: A randomised, placebo controlled trial of low level laser therapy for activated Achilles tendinitis with microdialysis measurement of peritendinous prostaglandin E2 concentrations. Br J Sports Med, 40(1): 76–80, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2005.020842.
12.
. BjurDAlfredsonHForsgrenS: The innervation pattern of the human Achilles tendon: studies of the normal and tendinosis tendon with markers for general and sensory innervation. Cell Tissue Res,320(1): 201–6, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00441-004-1014-3.
13.
. BjurDDanielsonPAlfredsonHForsgrenS: Presence of a nonneuronal cholinergic system and occurrence of up- and down-regulation in expression of M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors: new aspects of importance regarding Achilles tendon tendinosis (tendinopathy). Cell Tissue Res,331(2): 385–400, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00441-007-0524-1.
14.
. BrownROrchardJKinchingtonMHooperANalderG: Aprotinin in the management of Achilles tendinopathy: a randomized controlled trial. Br J Sports Med,40:275–279, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2005.021931.
15.
. CapassoGMaffulliNTestaVSgambatoA: Preliminary results with peritendinous protease inhibitor injections in the management of Achilles tendinitis. J Sports Traumatol Rel Res, 15(37–40), 1993.
16.
. CorraoGZambonABertuL: Evidence of tendinitis provoked by fluoroquinolone treatment: a case-control study. Drug Saf, 29(10): 8889–96, 2006.
17.
. CostaMShepstoneLDonellSThomasT: Shock wave therapy for chronic Achilles tendon pain: a randomized placebocontrolled trial. Clin Orthop Relat Res,440:199–204, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.blo.0000180451.03425.48.
. JohnstonEScrantonP.JrPfefferGB: Chronic disorders of the Achilles tendon: results of conservative and surgical treatments. Foot Ankle Int.18(9): 570–4, 1997.
29.
. KaneTIsmailMCalderJ: Topical Glyceryl Trinitrate and noninsertional Achilles tendinopathy. Am J Sports Med, 2008.
30.
. KannusPJozsaL: Histopathological changes preceding spontaneous rupture of a tendon. A controlled study of 891 patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am,73:1507–1525, 1991.
. KhanKMForesterBBRobinsonJ: Are ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging of value in assessment of Achilles tendon disorders? A two year prospective study. Br J Sports Med,37(2): 149–53, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.37.2.149.
33.
. KingmaJKnikkerRDWittinkHTakkenT: Eccentric overload training in patients with a chronic Achilles tendinopathy: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med,41: e3, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2006.030916.
34.
. KnoblochK: Eccentric rehabilitation exercise increases peritendinous type I collagen synthesis in humans with Achilles tendinosis. Scand J Med Sci Sports,17(3): 298–9, 2007.
. KnoblochKYoonUVogtP. M: Acute and overuse injuries correlated to hours of training in master running athletes. Foot Ankle Int.29(7): 671–6, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3113/FAI.2008.0671.
37.
. KoenigMJTorp-PedersenSQvistgaardETerslevLBliddalH: Preliminary results of colour Doppler-guided intratendinous glucocorticoid injection for Achilles tendonitis in five patients. Scand J Med Sci Sports,14(2): 100–106, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1600-0838.2003.00364.x.
38.
. LangbergHEllingsgaardHMadsenT: Eccentric rehabilitation exercise increases peritendinous type I collagen synthesis in humans with Achilles tendinosis. Scand J Med Sci Sports,17(1): 61–6, 2007.
39.
. LeachRESchepsisAATakaiH: Long-term results of surgical management of Achilles tendinitis in runners. Clin Orthop Relat Res,282:208–12, 1992.
40.
. LeungJLGriffithJF: Sonography of chronic Achilles tendinopathy: a case-control study. J Clin Ultrasound,36(1): 27–32, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcu.20388.
41.
. LindBOhbergLAlfredsonH: Sclerosing polidocanol injections in mid-portion Achilles tendinosis: remaining good clinical results and decreased tendon thickness at 2-year followup. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc,14(12): 1327–32, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00167-006-0161-3.
. MaffulliNTestaVCapassoGBifulcoGBinfieldPM: Results of percutaneous longitudinal tenotomy for Achilles tendinopathy in middle- and long-distance runners. Am J Sports Med,25(6): 835–40, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036354659702500618.
48.
. MaffulliNTestaVCapassoG: Surgery for chronic Achilles tendinopathy produces worse results in women. Disabil Rehabil,30(20): 1714–20, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09638280701786765.
49.
. MafiNLorentzonRAlfredsonH: Superior short-term results with eccentric calf muscle training compared to concentric training in a randomized prospective multicenter study on patients with chronic Achilles tendinosis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc,9(1): 42–7, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001670000148.
50.
. MaquirriainJAyerzaMCosta-PazMMuscoloD. L: Endoscoptic surgery in chronic Achilles tendinopathies: A preliminary report. Arthroscopy,18(3): 298–303, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/jars.2002.30065b.
51.
. MartinRLManningC. MCarciaCRContiSF: An outcome study of chronic Achilles tendinosis after excision of the Achilles tendon and flexor hallucis longus tendon transfer. Foot Ankle Int.26(9): 691–7, 2005.
52.
. MaxwellNJRyanMBTauntonJEGilliesJHWongAD: Sonographically guided intratendinous injection of hyperosmolar dextrose to treat chronic tendinosis of the Achilles tendon: a pilot study. AJR Am J Roentgenol,189(4): W215–20, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/AJR.06.1158.
53.
. McLauchlanGJHandollHH: Interventions for treating acute and chronic Achilles tendinitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, (2): CD000232, 2001.
54.
. MishraAWoodall JrJVieiraA: Treatment of tendon and muscle using platelet-rich plasma. Clinics in sports med,28(1): 113, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2008.08.007.
55.
. NicholsonCWBerletGCLeeTH: Prediction of the success of nonoperative treatment of insertional Achilles tendinosis based on MRI. Foot Ankle Int.28(4): 472–7, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3113/FAI.2007.0472.
56.
. Niesen-VertommenSLTauntonJEClementDBMosherRE: The effect of eccentric versus concentric exercise in the management of Achilles tendonitis. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine,2(2): 109, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042752-199204000-00006.
. OhbergLAlfredsonH: Effects on neovascularisation behind the good results with eccentric training in chronic mid-portion Achilles tendinosis?Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc,12(5): 465–70, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00167-004-0494-8.
59.
. OhbergLAlfredsonH: Ultrasound guided sclerosis of neovessels in painful chronic Achilles tendinosis: pilot study of a new treatment. Br J Sports Med,36(3): 173–5; discussion 176–7, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.36.3.173.
60.
. OhbergLLorentzonRAlfredsonH: Eccentric training in patients with chronic Achilles tendinosis: normalised tendon structure and decreased thickness at follow up. Br J Sports Med,38(1): 8–11; discussion 11, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2001.000284.
61.
. OhbergLLorentzonRAlfredsonH: Neovascularisation in Achilles tendons with painful tendinosis but not in normal tendons: an ultrasonographic investigation. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc,9(4): 233–8, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001670000189.
62.
. OrchardJ: Successful management of tendinopathy with injections of the MMP-inhibitor Aprotinin. Clin Orthop Relat Res,466:1625–1632, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11999-008-0254-z.
63.
. OrchardJHofmanJBrownR: The risks of local aprotinin injections for treating chronic teninopathy. Sports Health,23:24–28, 2005.
64.
. OrchardJMasseyARimmerJHofmanJBrownR: Delay of 6 weeks between aprotinin injections for teninopathy reduces risk of allergic reaction. J Sci Med Sport, 2007.
65.
. PaavolaMKannusPJarvinenTA: Treatment of tendon disorders. Is there a role for corticosteroid injection?Foot Ankle Clin,7(3): 501–13, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1083-7515(02)00056-6.
. PaavolaMKannusPPaakkalaTPasanenMJarvinenM: Long-term prognosis of Achilles tendinopathy. Am J Sports Med,28(5): 634–642, 2000.
68.
. PaavolaMOravaSLeppilahtiJKannusPJarvinenM: Chronic Achilles tendon overuse injury: Complications after surgical treatment. Am J Sports Med,28(1): 77–82, 2000.
69.
. PaoloniJAppleyardRNelsonJMurrellG: Topical glyceryl trinitrate treatment of chronic noninsertional achilles tendinopathy. J Bone Joint Surg Am,86(5): 916–922, 2004.
70.
. PaoloniJAMurrellGA: Three-year followup study of topical glyceryl trinitrate treatment of chronic noninsertional Achilles tendinopathy. Foot Ankle Int.28(10): 1064–8, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3113/FAI.2007.1064.
71.
. RaleighSMVan der MerweLRibbansWJ: Variants within the MMP3 gene are associated with Achilles tendinopathy: Possible interaction with the COL5A1 gene. Br J Sports Med, 2008.
72.
. RasmussenSChristensenMMathiesenISimonsonO: Shockwave therapy for chronic Achilles tendinopathy: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial of efficacy. Acta Orthop,79(2): 249–256, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17453670710015058.
73.
. RompeJNafeBFuriaJMaffulliN: Eccentric loading, shock wave treatment, or a wait-and-see policy for tendinopathy of the main body of teno Achillitis: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Sports Med,35(3): 374–383, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546506295940.
74.
. RoosEEngstromMLagerquistASoderbergB: Clinical improvement after 6 weeks of eccentric exercise in patients with mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy: a randomized trial with 1-year follow-up. Scand J Med Sci Sports,14:286–295, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2004.378.x.
75.
. SanchezMAnituaEAzofraJAndiaIPadillaSMujikaI: Comparison of surgically repaired Achilles tendon tears using platelet-rich fibrin matrices. Am J Sports Med,35(2): 245–151, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546506294078.
76.
. SchubertTEWeidlerCLerchKHofstadterFStraubRH: Achilles tendinosis is associated with sprouting of substance P positive nerve fibres. Ann Rheum Dis,64(7): 1083–6, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.2004.029876.
77.
. ScottAAlfredsonHForsgrenS: VGluT2 expression in painful Achilles and patellar tendinosis: evidence of local glutamate release by tenocytes. J Orthop Res,26(5): 685–92, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jor.20536.
78.
. ScottAKhanKCookJ: Human tendon overuse pathology: histopathologic and biochemical findings. In Tendinopathy in athletes. International Olympic Committee Encyclopedia of Sports Medicine, pp. 69–84. Edited by WooSArnoczkySRenstromP., 69–84, Malden, MA, Blackwell Publishing, 2007.
. ShrierIMathesonGKohlH: Achilles tendonitis: are corticosteroid injections useful or harmful?Clin J Sport Med,6(4): 245–250, 1996.
81.
. SilbernagelK. GThomeeRThomeePKarlssonJ: Eccentric overload training for patients with chronic Achilles tendon pain-a randomized controlled study with reliability testing of the evaluation methods. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports,11(4): 197, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0838.2001.110402.x.
82.
. SteinbachPHofstadterFNicolaiHRosslerWWielandW: In vitro investigatoins on cellular damage induced by high energy shock waves. Ultrasound Med Biol,18:691–699, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-5629(92)90120-Y.
83.
. StergioulasAStergioulaMAarskogRLopes-MartinsRABjordalJM: Effects of low-level laser therapy and eccentric exercises in the treatment of recreational athletes with chronic Achilles tendinopathy. Am J Sports Med,36(5): 881–7, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546507312165.
84.
. TallonCMaffulliNEwenS: Ruptured Achilles tendons are significantly more degenerated than tendinopathic tendons. Med Sci Sports Exerc,33:1983–1990, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200112000-00002.
85.
. TestaVCapassoGBenazzoFMaffulliN: Management of Achilles tendinopathy by ultrasound-guided percutaneous tenotomy. Med Sci Sports Exerc,34(4): 573–576, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200204000-00002.
. WangCWangFYangK: The effect of shock wave treatment at the tendon-bone interface: an histomorphological and biomechanical study in rabbits. J Orthop Res,23:274–280, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orthres.2004.07.004.
89.
. WapnerKPavlockGHechtPNaselliFWaltherR: Repair of chronic Achilles tendon rupture with flexor hallucis longus tendon transfer. Foot Ankle,14:443–449, 1993.
90.
. WilcoxDKBohayDRAndersonTG: Treatment of chronic Achilles tendon disorders with flexor hallucis longus tendon transfer/augmentation. Foot Ankle Int.21(12): 1004–1010, 2000.
91.
. WillbergLSundingKOhbergL: Sclerosing injections to treat midportion Achilles tendinosis: a randomised controlled study evaluating two different concentrations of Polidocanol. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc,16(9): 859–64, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00167-008-0579-x.
92.
. WilliamsDSZambardinoJ. ABanningVA: Transverse-plane mechanics at the knee and tibia in runners with and without a history of achilles tendonopathy. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther,38(12): 761–7, 2008.