The focus of this symposium is the technology of nose exposure to rodents and the various kinds of measurements one can make before, during, and after exposure to obtain information about the dose and effects relative to the exposure. However, certain principles of inhalation exposure are common to all inhalation techniques. This introduction provides some historical perspectives in the development of both inhalation chambers and nose exposure techniques. It discusses the major advances in chamber design and nose exposure technology. The accumulation in and removal of test agents from the system is described. Two critical issues in inhalation studies, aerosol and vapor generation and techniques to measure the concentration of the test agents, are beyond the scope of this symposium and are not covered.
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