It has now been established that many factors can influence the development of cancer in animal models. Epidemiologic studies support the concept of a similar situation in human populations with particular emphasis on lifestyle. Types of cancer which appear to be excellent candidates for such influences are colon, breast and lung. In the case of each there are antecedent (pre-neoplastic) changes in morphology of focal areas in the organ or tissue and a lag time varying from a few years to decades. It seems logical that thresholds do exist in some such cases and that if a threshold is not exceeded for whatever substance or condition may be primary to the cardnogenesis process, the atypical cellular alterations may regress or at most remain static. Furthermore, factors associated with lifestyle, including diet, can likely determine whether or not the progress toward malignancy is initiated, inhibited, or enhanced in a given organ or tissue. A number of factors or conditions which may relate to inhibiting or enhancing cardnogenesis are considered in this presentation. Mechanisms for such effects may be mediated by raising or lowering thresholds. This area of research requires increased emphasis in our efforts to prevent cancer.
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