The use of the 30-item GHQ as a screening instrument in a community population aged 70 years and older was examined. An acceptable sensitivity (70%) and specificity (84%) was obtained. As in the younger age groups, the GHQ was not good at detecting chronic, generalised anxiety disorders. The GHQ is best used in combination with the MMSE to screen out cases of dementia in an elderly population.
References
1.
GoldbergDP. Manual of the General Health Questionnaire. Windsor: NFER Publishing Company1978
2.
GoldbergDPBlackwellB. Psychiatric illness in suburban general practice. A detailed study using a new method of case identification. British Medical Journal1970; II: 439–443
3.
Finlay-JonesRABurvillPW. The prevalence of minor psychiatric morbidity in the community. Psychological Medicine1977; 7: 475–489
4.
Finlay-JonesRABurvillPW. Contrasting demographic patterns of minor psychiatric morbidity in general practice and the community. Psychological Medicine1978; 8: 455–466
5.
TarnopolskyAHandDJMcLeanEKRobertsHWigginsRD. Validity and uses of screening questionnaire (GHQ) in the community. British Journal of Psychiatry1979; 134: 508–515
6.
BenjaminSDecamerPHoranD. Community screening for mental illness: a validity study of the General Health Questionnaire. British Journal of Psychiatry1982; 140: 174–180
7.
TennantC. The General Health Questionnaire: a valid index of psychological impairment in Australian populations. Medical Journal of Australia1977; 2: 392–394
8.
HobbsPBallingerCBSmithAHW. Factor analysis and validation of the General Health Questionnaire in women: A general practice survey. British Journal of Psychiatry1983; 242: 257–264
9.
GoldbergDP. The detection of psychiatric illness by questionnaire. Maudsley Monograph 1972: No.21. London: Oxford University Press
10.
GoldbergDPRickelsKDowningRHesleacherP. A comparison of two psychiatric screening tests. British Journal of Psychiatry1976; 129: 61–67
11.
Finlay-JonesRAMurphyE. Severity of psychiatric disorder and the 30-item General Health Questionnaire. British Journal of Psychiatry1979; 134: 609–616
12.
ChanDWChanTSC. Reliability, validity and structure of the General Health Questionnaire in Chinese context. Psychological Medicine1983; 13: 363–371
13.
BrownGWHarrisT. Social origins of depression. London: Tavistock1978
14.
GoodchildMEDuncan-JonesP. Chronicity and the General Health Questionnaire. British Journal of Psychiatry1985; 146: 55–61
15.
SurteesPG. Psychiatric disorder in the community and the General Health Questionnaire. British Journal of Psychiatry1987; 150: 828–835
16.
KayDWKBeamishPRothM. Old age mental disorders in Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Part 1. A study of prevalence. British Journal of Psychiatry1964; 110: 146–158
17.
WeissmanMMMyersJKTischlerGLHelzerCEIIILeafPJOrwaschelMBrodyJA. Psychiatric disorders (DSM-III) and cognitive impairment among the elderly in a US urban community. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica1985; 71: 366–369
18.
KayDWKHendersonASScottRWilsonJRichwoodDGraysonDA. Dementia and depression among the elderly living in the Hobart community: the effect of the diagnostic criteria on prevalence rates. Psychological Medicine1985; 25: 771–788
19.
HendersonASByrneDGDuncan-JonesP. Neurosis and the social environment. Sydney: Academic Press1981
20.
FolsteinMFolsteinSMcHughP. “Mini-Mental State”: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research1975; 12: 189–198
21.
CopelandJRKelleherMJKellettJMGourlayAJGurlandBJFleissJLSharpeL. A semi-structured clinical interview for the assessment diagnosis and mental state in the elderly: the Geriatric Mental State Schedule. I. Development and reliability. Psychological Medicine1976; 6: 439–499
22.
AnthonyJle RescheLNiazUvon KorffMFolsteinM. Limits of the “Mini-Mental State” as a screening test for dementia and delirium among hospital patients. Psychological Medicine1982; 12: 397–408
23.
MowryBJBurvillPW. A study of mild dementia in the community using a wide range of diagnostic criteria. British Journal of Psychiatry1988; 153: 328–334
24.
JormAHendersonAS. Possible improvements to the diagnostic criteria for dementia in DSM-IIIBritish Journal of Psychiatry1985; 147: 394–399