The Neurology of Affective Disorder and Suicide

Coupland W. C. Philosophy of mind. In Dictionary of Psychological Medicine, edited Tuke D. H. London, Churchill, 1892, 27–94.

Bergson H. Quoted in Russell B. History of Western Philosophy. London, George Allen and Unwin, 1946, 819–838.

Feighner J. P. Robins E. Guze S. B. Diagnostic criteria for use in psychiatric research. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1972, 26, 57–63.

Whitlock F. A. Hopkins A. H. The aetiology of affective disorder in old age. Paper presented at Conference on the Crisis of the Ageing Mind. Adelaide, Australia, 1981.

Girgis M. The biological basis of emotion. In Psychosurgery and Society edited Sidney-Smith J. Kiloh L. G. Oxford, Pergamon, 1977, p. 12.

Sinanan K. Hillary I. Post-influenzal depression. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1981, 138, 131–138.

Tuke D. H. Influenza and mental disorders following. In Dictionary of Psychological Medicine edited Tuke D. H. London, Churchill, 1892, 688–691.

Maudsley H. The Pathology of Mind. 1895. Facsimile Edition. London, Julian Friedmann Publishers Ltd. 1979, p. 116.

Steinberg D. Hirsch S. R. Marsden S. D. Influenza infection causing manic psychosis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1972, 120, 531–538.

Lishman W. A. Organic Psychiatry. Oxford, Blackwell, 1978.

Silverstein A. E. B. Virus infection of the nervous system. In Handbook of Clinical Neurology Volume 34. edited Vinken P. J. Bruyn G. W. Amsterdam, North Holland Publishing Co. 1978, p. 185.

Bernstein T. C. Wolff H. C. Involvement of the nervous system in infectious mononucleosis. Annals of Internal Medicine, 1950, 33, 1120–1138.

Cadie M. Nye F. J. Storey P. Anxiety and depression after infectious mononucleosis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1976, 128, 559–561.

Hendler N. Leahy W. Psychiatric and neurological sequelae of infectious mononucleosis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1978, 135, 842–844.

Klaber M. Lacey J. Epidemic of glandular fever. British Medical Journal, 1958, 3, 124.

Goldney R. D. Temme P. B. Manic-depressive psychosis following infectious mononucleosis. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 1980, 41, 322–323.

McEvedy C. P. Beard A. W. Royal Free epidemic of 1955: A reconsideration. British Medical Journal, 1970, 1, 7–11.

McEvedy C. P. Beard A. W. A controlled follow-up of cases involved in an epidemic of benign myalgic encephalomyelitis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1973, 122, 141–150.

Easton H. G. Epidemic myalgic encephalomyelitis. British Medical Journal, 1978, 1, 1969.

Wookey C. Epidemic myalgic encephalomyelitis. British Medical Journal, 1978, 2, 202.

Kendall R. E. The psychiatric sequelae of benign myalgic encephalitis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1967, 113, 833–840.

Church A. J. Myalgic encephalomyelitis, ‘an obscure cosmic joke’. Medical Journal of Australia, 1980, 1, 307–308.

Ramsay A. M. Epidemic neuromyasthenia. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 1978, 57, 718–721.

Dewhurst K. The neurosyphilitic psychoses today. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1969, 115, 31–38.

Steel R. G.P.I. in an observation ward. Lancet, 1960, 1, 121–123.

Storm-Mathisen A. General paresis: A follow-up study of 203 patients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 1969, 45, 118–132.

Greenfield'S Neuropathology. Edited Blackwood W. McMenemy W. H. Meyer A. 2nd Edition. London, Edward Arnold. 1963, p. 175–178.

Hare E. The two manias: A study of the evolution of the modern concepts of mania. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1981, 138, 89–99.

Jennett B. MacMillan R. Epidemiology of head injury. British Medical Journal, 1981, 1, 101–104.

Lishman W. A. Brain damage in relation to psychiatric disability after head injury. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1968, 114, 373–410.

Lewin W. de Marshall T. F. C. Roberts A. H. Long-term outcome after severe head injury. British Medical Journal, 1979, 2, 1533–1538.

Kay D. W. K. Kerr T. A. Lassman L. P. Brain trauma and the post-concussional syndrome. Lancet, 1971, 2, 1052–1055.

Rutherford W. H. Merritt J. D. McDonald J. R. Sequelae of concussion caused by minor head injuries. Lancet, 1977, 1, 1–4.

Merskey M. Woodforde J. M. Psychiatric sequelae of minor head injury. Brain, 1972, 95, 521–528.

Taylor A. R. Bell T. K. Slowing of cerebral circulation after concussional head injury. Lancet, 1966, 2, 178–180.

Taylor A. R. Post-concussional sequelae. British Medical Journal, 1967, 3, 67–71.

Oppenheimer D. R. Microscopic lesions in the brain following head injury. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 1968, 31, 299–306.

Kay D. W. K. Outcome and cause of death in mental disorders of old age: A long-term follow-up of functional and organic psychosis. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 1962, 38, 249–276.

Post F. The Significance of Affective Symptoms in Old Age. London, Oxford University Press 1962.

Roth M. Classification and aetiology in mental disorders in old age: some recent developments. In Recent Developments in Psychogeriatrics edited Kay D. W. K. Walk A. Ashford, Headley Brothers, 1971, p. 1–18.

Adams G. F. Hurwitz L. J. Mental barriers to recovery from strokes. Lancet, 1963, 2, 533–537.

Maneros A. Phillip M. Zyklothymie und Hirnstamm. Psychiatrica Clinica, 1978, 11, 132–138.

Trimble M. R. Cummings J. L. Neuropsychiatric disturbances following brainstem lesions. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1981, 136, 56–59.

Storey P. B. Psychiatric sequelae of subarachnoid haemorrhage. British Medical Journal, 1967, 3, 261–266.

Storey P. B. Brain damage and personality change after subarachnoid haemorrhage. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1970, 117, 129–142.

Storey P. B. Emotional disturbances before and after subarachnoid haemorrhage. In Physiology, Emotion and Psychosomatic Illness. Amsterdam, Elsevier. 1972, p. 337–347.

Logue V. Durward M. Pratt R. T. C. The quality of survival after rupture of anterior cerebral aneurysms. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1968, 114, 137–160.

Folstein M. F. Maiberger R. McHugh P. R. Mood disorder as a specific complication of stroke. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 1977, 40, 1018–1020.

Robins A. H. Are stroke patients more depressed than other disabled subjects. Journal of Chronic Disease, 1976, 29, 279–482.

Minski L. Mental symptoms associated with 58 cases of cerebral tumour. Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology, 1933, 13, 330–343.

Strauss I. Keschner M. Mental symptoms in cases of tumours of the frontal lobe. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 1935, 33, 986–1005.

Keschner M. Bender M. B. Strauss I. Mental symptoms in cases of tumours of the temporal lobe. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 1936, 35, 572–596.

Frazier C. H. Tumours involving the frontal lobe alone. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 1936, 35, 525–571.

Oppler W. Manic psychosis in a case of porasaggital meningioma. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 1950, 64, 417–430.

Smith S. Organic syndromes presenting as involutional melancholia. British Medical Journal, 1954, 2, 274–277.

Strauss H. Intracranial neoplasms masked depression and diagnosed with the aid of electroencephalography. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 1955, 122, 185–192.

Pool J. L. Carroll J. W. Psychiatric symptoms masking brain tumours. Journal of the Medical Society of New Jersey, 1958, 55, 4–9.

Malamud N. Psychiatric disorder with intracranial tumours of the limbic system. Archives of Neurology, 1967, 17, 113–123.

Hunter R. Blackwood W. Bull J. Three cases of frontal meningioma presenting psychiatrically. British Medical Journal, 1968, 3, 9–16.

Avery T. L. Seven cases of frontal tumour with psychiatric presentation. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1971, 119, 19–23.

Direkze M. Bayliss S. G. Cutting J. Primary tumours of the frontal lobe. British Journal of Clinical Practice, 1971, 25, 207–213.

Rieke J. Uber depressive Psychosen in Verlaufe von Hirntumorerkrankungen. Nervenarzt, 1975 46, 152–159.

Kanakaratnam G. Direkze M. Aspects of primary tumours of the frontal lobe. British Journal of Clinical Practice, 1976, 30, 220–221.

Carlson R. J. Frontal lobe lesions masquerading as psychiatric disturbances. Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal, 1977, 22, 315–318.

Keschner M. Bender M. B. Strauss I. Mental symptoms associated with brain tumours. Journal of the American Medical Association, 1938, 110, 714–718.

Selecki B. R. Intracranial space-occupying lesions. Medical Journal of Australia, 1965, 1, 383–390.

McIntyre H. D. McIntyre A. P. The problem of brain tumour in psychiatric diagnosis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1942, 98, 720–726.

Jamieson R. C. Wells C. E. Manic psychosis in a patient with multiple metastatic tumours. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 1979, 40, 280–282.

Greenfield J. G. Bosanquet F. D. The brainstem lesions in Parkinsonism. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 1953, 19, 213–226.

Hornykiewicz O. Biogenic amines in the central nervous system. In Handbook of Clinical Neurology Volume 29. Edited Vinken P. J. Bruyn G. W. Amsterdam, North-Holland Publishing Co. 1977, p. 459–483.

Farley I. J. Price K. S. Hornykiewicz O. Dopamine in the limbic regions of the human brain: normal and abnormal. Advances in Biochemical Psychopharmacology, 1977, 16, 57–64.

Carroll B. J. Greden J. F. Haskett R. H. Neurotransmitter studies of neuroendocrine pathology in depression. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 1980. Supplement 280, 183–200.

Warburton J. W. Depressive symptoms in Parkinson patients referred for thalamatomy. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 1967, 30, 368–370.

Robins A. H. Depression in patients with Parkinsonism. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1976, 128, 141–145.

Celesia G. G. Wanamaker W. M. Psychiatric disturbances in Parkinson's disease. Diseases of the Nervous System, 1972, 33, 577–583.

Jackson J. A. Free G. B. M. Pike H. V. The psychic manifestations in paralysis agitans. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 1923, 10, 680–684.

Kearney T. R. Parkinson's disease presenting as a depressive illness. Journal of the Irish Medical Association, 1964, 54, 117–119.

Mindham R. H. S. Psychiatric symptoms in Parkinsonism. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 1970, 33, 188–191.

Puite J. K. Schut T. van Praag H. M. Lakke J. P. W. F. Monoamine metabolism and depression in Parkinson patients. Psychiatria Neurologia and Neurochirurgerie, 1973, 76, 61–70.

Marsh C. G. Markham C. H. Does levodopa alter depression and psychopathology in Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 1973, 36, 925–935.

Goodwin F. K. Behavioural effects of L-dopa in man. In Psychiatric Complications of Medical Drugs, Edited Shader R. I. New York, Raven Press. 1972, p. 73–102.

Hays P. Krikler B. Walsh L. S. Woolfson G. Psychological changes following treatment of Parkinsonism. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1966, 123, 657–663.

McFie J. Psychological effects of stereotaxic operations for the relief of Parkinsonian symptoms. Journal of Mental Science, 1960, 106, 1, 512–1517.

Asso D. Crown S. Russell J. A. Logue V. Psychological aspects of the stereotactic treatment of Parkinsonism. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1969, 115, 541–553.

Dewhurst K. Oliver J. E. McKnight R. J. P. Socio-psychiatric consequences of Huntington's disease. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1970, 116, 55–58.

Oliver J. E. Huntington's chorea in Northamptonshire. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1970, 116, 241–255.

McHugh P. R. Folstein M. F. Psychiatric syndromes of Huntington's chorea. In Psychiatric Aspects of Neurologic Disease Edited Benson F. Blumer D. New York, Grune and Stratton. 1975, p. 267–285.

Barbellion W. N. P. Diary of a Disappointed Man. London, Chatto and Windus, 1919.

Pomme B. Girard J. Planche R. Forme depressive de debut d'une sclerose en plaques. Annales Medico-Psychlogique (Paris), 1963, 121, 133.

Mur J. Kumpel G. Dostal S. An anergic phase of disseminated sclerosis with psychiatric course. Confina Neurologica, 1966, 28, 37–49.

Bignami A. Gerhardi D. Gallo G. Sclerosi a placche acuta a localizzazione i potolamica con sintomologia psychica di tipo malinconico. Revista Neurologica, 1961, 31, 240–268.

Young A. C. Saunders J. Ponsford J. R. Mental change as an early feature of multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 1976, 39, 1008–1013.

Whitlock F. A. Siskind M. M. Depression as a major symptom of multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 1980, 43, 861–865.

Goodstein R. K. Ferrell R. B. Multiple sclerosis presenting as a depressive illness. Diseases of the Nervous System, 1977, 38, 127–131.

Surridge D. An investigation into some psychiatric aspects of multiple sclerosis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1969, 115, 749–764.

Kurzke J. F. Clinical manifestations of multiple sclerosis. In Handbook of Clinical Neurology Volume 9. Edited Vinken P. J. Bruyn G. W. Amsterdam, North-Holland Publishing Co. 1970, p. 161–216.

Kaplan L. R. Nadelson T. Multiple sclerosis and hysteria. Journal of the American Medical Association, 1980, 243, 2418–2421.

O'Malley P. P. Severe mental symptoms in disseminated sclerosis: A neuropathological study. Journal of the Irish Medical Association, 1966, 55, 115–127.

Pratt R. T. C. An investigation of the psychiatric aspects of disseminated sclerosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 1951, 14, 326–336.

Cottrell S. S. Wilson S. A. K. The affective symptomatology of disseminated sclerosis. Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology, 1926, 7, 1–30.

Runge W. In Bumke's Handbuch der Geisteskrankheiten, 7, 616. Quoted Surridge (ibid reference 95).

Braceland F. J. Giffin M. E. The mental changes associated with multiple sclerosis (An interim report). Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Diseases, Baltimore. Williams and Wilkins. 1950, 48, 450–455.

Canter A. H. Direct and indirect measures of psychological deficit in multiple sclerosis. Journal of General Psychology, 1951, 44, 3 and 27.

Targowla Sevin Obredane Encephale, 1928, 614. Quoted Surridge (ibid reference 95).

Cremieux A. Alliez J. Tonga M. Pache R. Sclerose en plaques a debut par troubles mentaux: etude anatomo-clinique. Revue Neurologique (Paris), 1957, 101, 45–51.

Williams D. The structure of emotions reflected in epileptic experiences. Brain, 1956, 79, 28–57.

Reynolds J. R. Epilepsy: Its Symptoms, Treatment and Relation to the Chronic Convulsive Diseases. London, Churchill. 1861.

Anasstassopoulous G. Kokkini D. Suicidal attempts in psychomotor epilepsy. Behavioural Psychology, 1969, 1/9, 11.

Hancock J. C. Bevilacqua A. R. Temporal lobe dysrhythmia and impulsive or suicidal behaviour. Southern Medical Journal, 1971, 64, 1189–1193.

Wells C. E. Transient ictal psychosis. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1975, 32, 1201–1203.

Monroe R. R. Episodic Behavioural Disorders. Cambridge, Mass. Harvard University Press, 1970.

Monroe R. R. Episodic psychosis misdiagnosed as schizophrenia or affective disorder. In Biological Psychiatry Edited Kiloh L. G. Geigy Psychiatric Symposium, Sydney, 1979, p. 75–86.

Serafetinides E. A. Falconer M. A. The effects of temporal lobectomy in epileptics. Journal of Mental Science, 1962, 108, 584–593.

Taylor D. C. Mental state and temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia, 1972, 13, 727–765.

Dominian J. Serafetinides E. A. Dewhurst M. A follow-up study of late-onset epilepsy II. British Medical Journal, 1963, 1, 431–435.

Jensen I. Larsen J. K. Mental aspects of temporal lobe epilepsy. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 1979, 42, 256–265.

Pond D. A. Epilepsy and personality disorders. In Handbook of Clinical Neurology Volume 15. Edited Vinken P. J. Bruyn G. W. Amsterdam, North-Holland Publishing Co. 1974, p. 577–592.

Bruens J. H. Psychoses in epilepsy. In Handbook of Clinical Neurology Volume 15. Edited Vinken P. J. Bruyn G. W. Amsterdam, North-Holland Publishing Co. 1974, p. 593–610.

Dongier S. Statistical study of clinical and EEG manifestations of 536 psychotic episodes occurring in 516 epileptics between clinical seizures. Epilepsia, 1959, 1, 117–142.

Harrison'S Principles of Medicine. 8th Edition. Edited Thorn G. W. Adams R. D. Brounwald New York, McGraw Hill, 1977.

Granville-Grossman K. Recent Advances in Clinical Psychiatry, London, Churchill. 1971, p. 231–234.

Whitlock F. A. Symptomatic Affective Disorders (In Press).

Bennett R. Hughes G. R. V. Bywaters E. G. L. Holt P. J. L. Neuropsychiatric problems in SLE. British Medical Journal, 1972, 4, 342–345.

Johnson R. T. Richardson E. P. The neurological complications of systemic lupus erythematosus. Medicine, 1968, 47, 337–369.

O'Connor J. Psychoses associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. Annals of Internal Medicine, 1959, 51, 526–536.

Editorial. Cerebral lupus. British Medical Journal, 1975, 537–538.

Bresnihan B. Hohmeister R. Cutting J. The neuropsychiatric disorder in SLE: Evidence for both vascular and immune mechanisms. Annals for the Rheumatic Diseases, 1979, 38, 301–306.

von Knorring J. Erma B. Lindstrom B. The clinical manifestations of tempofiral arteritis. Acta Medica Scandinavica, 1966, 179, 691–702.

Robertson K. Temporal or giant-cell arteritis. British Medical Journal, 1947, 2, 168–170.

Vererker R. The psychiatric aspects of temporal arteritis. Journal of Mental Science, 1952, 98, 280–286.

Russell Ross R. W. Giant-cell arteritis. Quarterly Journal of Medicine, 1959, 28, 471–489.

Hamilton C. R. Shelley W. M. Tumulty P. A. Giant-cell arteritis including temporal arteritis and Polymyalgia Rheumatica. Medicine, 1971, 50, 1–27.

Hughes G. R. F. Connective Tissue Diseases. Oxford, Blackwell Scientific Publications. 1977. p. 221.

Brain R. Henson R. A. Neurological syndromes associated with cancer. Lancet, 1958, 2, 971–975.

Schmale A. H. Iker H. Hopelessness as a predictor of cervical cancer. Social Science and Medicine, 1971, 5, 95–100.

Kerr T. A. Schapira K. Roth M. The relationship between premature death and affective disorders. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1969, 115, 1277–1282.

Whitlock F. A. Siskind M. M. Depression and cancer: A follow-up study. Psychological Medicine, 1979, 9, 747–752.

Whitlock F. A. Suicide, cancer and depression. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1978, 132, 269–274.

Corsellis J. A. N. Goldberg R. J. Norton A. R. Limbic Encephalitis and its association with carcinoma. Brain, 1968, 91, 481–496.

Armatruda T. A. Upton J. V. Hyperadrenocorticism and ACTH-releasing factor. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 1974, 230, 168–169.

Gordan G. S. Hyper and hypocalcaemia: Pathogenesis and treatment. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 1974, 230, 181–186.

Prudhomme C. Epilepsy and suicide. Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 1941, 94, 722–731.

Janz D. Die Epilepsien. Stuttgart, Thieme. 1969. Quoted Bruens, J. H. 1974 (ibid reference 118).

Zielinski J. J. Epilepsy and mortality rate and cause of death. Epilepsia, 1974, 15, 191–201.

Sclare A. B. Hamilton C. M. Attempted suicide in Glasgow. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1964, 109, 609–615.

Lawson A. A. H. Mitchell I. Patients with acute poisoning seen in a general medical unit 1960–1971. British Medical Journal, 1972, 4, 153–156.

Taylor D. J. E. Hart Dudley F. Burley D. Suicide in South London. Practitioner, 1964, 192, 251–256.

Whitlock F. A. Schapira K. Attempted suicide in Newcastle-upon-Tyne. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1967, 113, 423–434.

Edwards J. E. Whitlock F. A. Suicide and attempted suicide in Brisbane. Medical Journal of Australia, 1968, 1, 932 and 989.

Huntington G. On chorea. Medical-Surgical Reports of Philadelphia, 1872, 26, 317–321.

Whitlock F. A. Depression and suicide. In Handbook of Studies on Depression Edited Burrows G. D. Amsterdam, Excerpta Medica. 1977, p. 379–404.

Hutchinson E. C. Acheson E. Strokes: National History, Pathology and Surgical Treatment. London, W. B. Saunders Co. Ltd. 1975.

McAlpine D. Lumsden C. E. Acheson E. D. Multiple Sclerosis: A Reappraisal. Edinburgh, E. & S. Livingstone. 1965. p. 154.

Elian M. Dean G. Multiple sclerosis and seizures. In Epilepsy, 8th International Symposium. Edited Penry J. K. 1977, p. 341–344.

Hoehn M. M. Yahr M. D. Parkinsonism: Onset, prognosis and mortality. Neurology, 1967, 17, 427–442.

Asnis G. Parkinson's disease, depression and ECT: A review and case study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1977, 134, 191–195.

Parant V. Paralysis agitans, insanity associated with. In Dictionary of Psychological Medicine Edited Tuke D. H. London, Churchill. 1892, p. 884–886.

Hunter R. Psychiatry and neurology: Psychosyndrome or brain disease. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 1973, 66, 359–364.