The Use of High-Inference Measures To Study Classroom Climates: A Review

Abstract

This paper reviews the impact high-reference measures had on studying classroom climates. Early literature of classroom climates from the late twenties through the early sixties is reviewed. It is noted that the study of classroom climates had two distinct, unrelated beginnings. As a result, the use of high-inference measures to study classroom climates was not prevalent in the literature until the mid-sixties, whereas the study of classroom climates using other measures was well established by the early sixties. The review then discusses several high-inference measures developed in the last 30 years. Also, pertinent classroom climate literature that incorporates specific high-inference measures has been reviewed.