Undergraduate students (16 men and 16 women) from a Christian university read a 1-page description of a pastor named either “Carl Anderson” or “Carol Anderson.” Students rated each named pastor on four items summed for a measure of vocational success. We predicted, based on role congruity, that students would rate a female-named pastor lower than a male-named pastor on the measure, but women's ratings of pastoral vocational success were significantly higher. Men's ratings did not differ significantly for the male- and female-named pastors. Power was low so further research is appropriate.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AbramowitzS. I.AbramowitzC. V. (1973) Should prospective women clients seek out women practitioners? Intimations of a “ding-bat” effect in clinical evaluation. In Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association. Pp. 505–506.
2.
AbramsonP. R.GoldbergP. A.GreenbergJ. H.AbramsonL. M. (1977) The talking platypus phenomenon: Competency ratings as a function of sex and professional status. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 2, 114–124.
3.
BauerC. C.BaltesB. B. (2002) Reducing the effects of gender stereotypes on performance evaluations. Sex Roles, 47, 465–476.
4.
BensonP. L.EklinC. H. (1990) Effective Christian education: A national study of Protestant congregations. Minneapolis, MN: Search Institute.
5.
BrutusS.MonteiM.JexS.KingL.KingD. (1993) Sex role egalitarianism as a moderator of gender congruence bias in evaluation. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 29, 755–765.
6.
CashT. F.GillenB.BurnsD. S. (1977) Sexism and beautyism in personnel consultant decision making. Journal of Applied Psychology, 62, 301–310.
7.
CronbachL. J. (1951) Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16, 297–334.
8.
EaglyA. H.KarauS. J. (2002) Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders. Psychological Review, 109, 573–598.
9.
EaglyA. H.MakhijaniM. G.KlonskyB. G. (1992) Gender and the evaluation of leaders: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 3–22.
10.
EaglyA. H.MladinicA.OttoS. (1991) Are women evaluated more favorably than men?Psychology of Women Quarterly, 15, 203–216.
11.
EaglyA. H.SteffenV. J. (1984) Gender stereotypes stem from the distribution of women and men into social roles. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 735–754.
12.
GoldbergP. (1968) Are women prejudiced against women?Transaction, 5, 28–30.
13.
GordonT.DraperT. W. (1982) Sex bias against male workers in day care. Child Care Quarterly, 11, 215–217.
14.
KasofJ. (1993) Sex bias in the naming of stimulus persons. Psychological Bulletin, 113, 140–163.
15.
LutharH. K. (1996) Gender differences in evaluation of performance and leadership ability: Autocratic vs. democratic managers. Sex Roles, 35, 337–361.
16.
PerlP. (2002) Gender and mainline Protestant pastors' allocation of time to work tasks. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 41, 169–178.
17.
SurmannA. T. (1997) The effects of race, weight, and gender on evaluations of writing competence. The Journal of Social Psychology, 137, 173–180.
18.
SwimJ.BorgidaE.MaruyamaG.MyersD. G. (1989) Joan McKay versus John McKay: Do gender stereotypes bias evaluations?Psychological Bulletin, 105, 409–429.
