Kirkpatrick's recent comments on Schumm's critique of Tasker and Golombok's 1995 research are discussed, as well as the 1981 seminal research of Kirkpatrick, Smith, and Roy. Considerations of differential risk within social exchange theory may be useful when examining views that equate gay and lesbian relationships with mixed-gender relationships at the macrosociological level.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
JulienD.ChartrandE.SimardM-C.BouthillierD.BeginJ. (2003) Conflict, social support, and relationship quality: An observational study of heterosexual, gay male, and lesbian couples' communication. Journal of Family Psychology, 17, 419–428.
2.
KirkpatrickM. (1987) Clinical implications of lesbian mother studies. Journal of Homosexuality, 14, 201–211.
3.
KirkpatrickM. (1989) Lesbians: A different middle age? In OldhamJ. M.LiebertR. S. (Eds.), The middle years: New psychoanalytic perspectives. New Haven, CT: Yale Univer. Press. Pp. 135–148.
4.
KirkpatrickM. (1990) Homosexuality and parenting. In SpurlockJ.RobinowitzC. B. (Eds.), Women's progress: Promises and problems. New York: Plenum. Pp. 205–222.
5.
KirkpatrickM. (1991) Lesbian couples in therapy. Psychiatric Annals, 21, 491–496.
6.
KirkpatrickM. (1996) Lesbians as parents. In CabajR. P.SteinT. S. (Eds.), Textbook of homosexuality and health. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. Pp. 353–370.
7.
KirkpatrickM. (2002) Clinical notes on the diversity in lesbian lives. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 22, 196–208.
8.
KirkpatrickM. (2004) Comments on Dr. Walter R. Schumm's paper “What was really learned from Tasker and Golombok's (1995) Study of Lesbian and Single Parent Mothers?”Psychological Reports, 94, 1185–1186.
9.
KirkpatrickM.SmithC.RoyR. (1981) Lesbian mothers and their children: A comparative survey. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 51, 545–551.
10.
McGrawP. C. (2000) Relationship rescue. New York: Hyperion.
11.
RosenthalR. (1994) Parametric measures of effect size. In CooperH.HedgesL. V. (Eds.), The handbook of research synthesis. New York: Russell Sage. Pp. 231–244.
12.
SchummW. R. (2004a) Differential risk theory as a subset of social exchange theory: Implications for making gay marriage culturally normative and for understanding stigma against homosexuals. Psychological Reports, 94, 208–210.
13.
SchummW. R. (2004b) What was really learned from Tasker and Golombok's (1995) study of lesbian and single parent mothers?Psychological Reports, 94, 422–424.
14.
SchummW. R.WebbF. J.BollmanS. R. (1998) Gender and marital satisfaction: Data from the National Survey of Families and Households. Psychological Reports, 83, 319–327.
15.
StaceyJ. (2003) Gay and lesbian families: Queer like us. In MasonM. A.SkolnickA.SugarmanS. D. (Eds.), All our families: New policies for a new century. (2nd ed.) New York: Oxford Univer. Press. Pp. 144–169.
16.
TaskerF.GolombokS. (1995) Adults raised as children in lesbian families. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 65, 203–215.
17.
Wilkinson, L., & APA Task Force on Statistical Inference. (1999) Statistical methods in psychology journals: Guidelines and explanations. American Psychologist, 54, 594–604.
