In a recent article, Leventhal (1999) responds to two criticisms of hypothesis testing by showing that the one-tailed test and the directional two-tailed test are valid, even if all point null hypotheses are false and that hypothesis tests can provide the probability of decisions being correct which are based on the tests. Unfortunately, the falseness of all point null hypotheses affects the operating characteristics of the directional two-tailed test, seeming to weaken certain of Leventhal's arguments in favor of this procedure.
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