Results of a study on 167 subjects demonstrated that the basic semantic structure of consciousness is associated with a person's temperament, age, and sex. Concrete particularities of estimations and structure of the semantic space depend upon these biologically based characteristics. The results suggest the presence of a phenomenon of “projection through capacities”: when a person registers only those aspects of objects or situation that he can properly react to and deal with in their own behavior.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AltmanJ. (1978) Three levels of mentation and the hierarchic organization of the human brain. In MillerG. A.LennebergE. (Eds.), Psychology and biology of language and thought. New York: Academic Press. Pp. 90–107.
2.
BentlerP. M.La VoieA. L. (1972) An extension of semantic space. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11, 491–496.
3.
BrunerJ. S. (1964) The course of cognitive growth. American Psychologist, 19, 1–15.
4.
EysenckH. J. (1990) Genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences: The three major dimensions of personality. Journal of Personality, 58, 245–261.
5.
EysenckH. J. (1993) Quantity of personality's dimensions: 16, 5, or 3?—the criteria of taxonomical approach. Foreign Psychology, (Moscow), 1(No. 2), 9–23.
6.
EysenckH. J.EysenckS B. G. (1968) Manual: Eysenck Personality Inventory. San Diego, CA: Educational and Industrial Testing Service.
7.
GlezerV. D. (1995) Vision and mind. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
8.
GrayJ. A. (1983) Where should we search for biologically based dimensions of personality?Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie, 4, S163–174.
9.
GrayJ. A. (1991) Neurophysiology of temperament. In StrelauJ.AngleitnerA. (Eds.), Explorations in temperament. New York: Plenum. Pp. 105–128.
10.
KellyH. J. (1955) Psychology of personal constructs. New York: Norton.
11.
LeontjevA. N. (1975) Problems der Entwicklung des Psychischen. [Problems in the development of mind]. Berlin: Volk und Wissen.
12.
McDanielE.LawrenceC. (1990) Levels of cognitive complexity: An approach to the measurement of thinking. New York: Springer-Verlag.
OsgoodC. (1962) Studies on generality of affective meaning system. American Psychologist, 17, 10–28.
15.
PetrenkoV. F. (1988) Psychosemantika soznaniya [Psychosemantics of consciousness]. Moscow: Moscow State Univer. [in Russian].
16.
PetrenkoV. F. (1993) Meaning as a unit of conscience. Journal of Russian and East-European Psychology, 1993, 3–29. [in Russian].
17.
PetrenkoV. F. (1997) Osnovi psychosemantiki [Foundations of Psychosomantics]. Smolensk: Smolensk Univer. Press. [in Russian].
18.
RoschE. H. (1978) Principles of categorization. In RoschE.LloydB. B. (Eds.), Cognition and categorization. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Pp. 560–567.
19.
RusalovV. M. (1989) Object-related and communicative aspects of human temperament: A new questionnaire of the structure of temperament. Personality and Individual Differences, 10, 817–827. [cf. also RussalovRousalov; Eds.].
20.
RusalovV. M. (1990) Oprosnik strukturi temperamenta, rukovodstvo [Questionnaire of Structure of Temperament, manual]. Moscow: IPAN. [in Russian].
21.
SchroderH. M.DriverM. J.StreufertS. (1967) Human information processing: Individuals and groups functioning in complex social situations. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
22.
StrelauJ. (1994) The concepts of arousal and arousability as used in temperament studies. In BatesJ. E.WachsT. D. (Eds.), Temperament: Individual differences at the interface of biology and behavior. Washington, DC: APA. Pp. 117–142.
23.
StrelauJ.AngleitnerA. (Eds.) (1991) Explorations in temperament: International perspectives on theory and measurement. New York: Plenum.
24.
TrofimovaI. N. (1996a) Individual'niye raslichiya s tochki zreniya evolusionnogo podhoda. In [Individual differences from the point of view of the evolutionary approach, questions of psychology], Voprosi psihologii, No. 1. [in Russian].
25.
TrofimovaI. N. (1996b) Individual differences from the point of view of the synergetic approach. International Psychological Congress, Montreal, Canada.
26.
ZuckermanM. (1979) Sensation seeking: Beyond the optimal level of arousal. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.