131 young and 93 older Japanese and 121 young Americans completed measures of cultural individualism–collectivism and locus of control Men reported a higher mean score on internal locus of control than women. Americans had a higher mean on individualism and Japanese on collectivism. There was no effect for age-related differences in cultural identity or locus of control.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
CousinsD. S. (1989) Culture and self-perception in Japan and the United States. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 124–131.
2.
HofstedeG. (1980) Culture's consequences: international differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
3.
LevensonH. (1981) Differentiating among internal, powerful others, and chance. In LeftcourtH. M. (Eds), Research with the locus of control construct. Vol. 1. Assessment methods. New York: Academic Press. Pp. 15–63.
4.
TafarodiR. W.SwannW. B. (1996) Individualism–collectivism and global self-esteem: evidence for a cultural trade-off. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 27, 651–672.
5.
TriandisH. C.BontempoR. M.VillarealM.AsaiM.LuccaN. (1988) Individualism and collectivism: cross-cultural perspectives of selfingroup relations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 323–338.