Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online 1999-4
Ethnic Similarities and Differences in the Association of Emotional Autonomy and Adolescent Outcomes: Comparing Euro-American and Asian-American Adolescents
This study has conducted an ethnic comparison on the strength of the association between Individuation, a subscale from the Emotional Autonomy construct presented originally by Steinberg and Silverberg in 1986, and adolescent outcomes in terms of self-esteem and susceptibility to negative peer pressure. Consistent with what was expected, the association between Individuation and lowered self-esteem was more salient among 287 Asian-American adolescent boys than among 1,353 Euro-American adolescent boys. Contrary to what was hypothesized, the association between Individuation and susceptibility to negative peer pressure was more pronounced among 1,573 Euro-American adolescent girls than among 292 Asian-American adolescent girls.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BaumrindD. (1987) A developmental perspective on adolescent risk-taking behavior in contemporary America. In DamonW. (Eds), New directions for chili development: adolescent health and social behavior. Vol. 37. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Pp. 93–126.
2.
BerndtT. J. (1979) Developmental changes in conformity to peers and parents. Developmental Psychology, 15, 608–616.
3.
BlosP. (1962) On adolescence. New York: Free Press.
4.
BlosP. (1979) The adolescent passage. New York: International Universities Press.
5.
BronfenbrennerU. (1967) Response to pressure from peers vs. adults: Soviet and American school children. International Journal of Psychology, 2, 199–207.
6.
BrownB. B. (1990) Peer groups and peer cultures. In FeldmanS. S.ElliottG. R. (Eds.), At the threshold: the developing adolescent. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univer. Press. Pp. 171–196.
7.
ByrneB. M. (1994) Structural Equation Modeling with EQS and EQS/Windows: basic concepts, applications, and programming. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
8.
ByrneB. M.ShavelsonR. J.MuthénB. (1989) Testing for the equivalence of factor co-variance and mean structures: the issue of partial measurement invariance. Psychological Bulletin, 105, 456–466.
9.
ChenZ.DornbuschS. M. (1998) Relating aspects of adolescent emotional autonomy to academic achievement and deviant behavior. Journal of Adolescent Research, 13, 293–319.
10.
CooleyC. H. (1902) Human nature and the social order. New York: Scribner's.
11.
CooperC. R.GrotevantH. D.CondonS. M. (1983) Individuality and connectedness in the family as a context for adolescent identity formation and role-taking skill. In GrotevantH. D.CooperC. R. (Eds.), New directions for child development: Vol. 22. Adolescent development in the family. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Pp. 43–59.
12.
DouvanE.AdelsonJ. (1966) The adolescent experience. New York: Wiley.
13.
EriksonE. H. (1959) Identity and the life cycle. Psychological Issues, 1 (Monograph No. 1)
14.
EriksonE. H. (1968) Identity: youth and crisis. New York: Norton.
15.
FeldmanS. S.Mont-ReynaudR.RosenthalD. A. (1992) When east moves west: the acculturation of values of Chinese adolescents in the United States and Australia. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 2, 147–173.
16.
FrankS. J.PirschL. A.WrightV. C. (1990) Late adolescents' perceptions of their relationships with their parents: relationships among deidealization, autonomy, relatedness, and insecurity and implications for adolescent adjustment and ego identity status. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 19, 571–588.
17.
FreudA. (1958/1962) Adolescence. In The writing of Anna Freud: research at the Hampstead child-therapy clinic and other papers. (1956–1965) Vol. 5. New York: International Universities Press. Pp. 136–166.
18.
FuhrmanT.HolmbeckG. (1995) A contextual-moderator analysis of emotional autonomy and adjustment in adolescence. Child Development, 66, 793–811.
19.
HartupW. W. (1979) The social worlds of childhood. American Psychologist, 34, 944–950.
20.
HillJ. P. (1980) The early adolescent and the family. In JohnsonM. (Eds), The seventy-ninth yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education. Chicago, IL: Univer. of Chicago Press. Pp. 32–55.
21.
HoD. Y. F. (1986) Chinese patterns of socialization: a critical review. In BondM. H. (Eds), The social psychology of the Chinese people. Hong Kong: Oxford Univer. Press. Pp. 1–37.
22.
HofstedeG. (1980) Cultures' consequences: international differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
23.
JessorR.JessorS. L. (1978) Theory testing in longitudinal research on marijuana use. In KandelD. B. (Eds), Longitudinal research on drug uses: empirical findings and methodological issues. Washington, DC: Hemisphere. Pp. 41–71.
24.
JöreskogK. G. (1971) Simultaneous factor analysis in several populations. Psychometrika, 36, 409–426.
KağitçibaşiC. (1989) Family and socialization in cross-cultural perspective: a model of change. In BermanJ. (Eds), Nebraska symposium on motivation. Lincoln, NE: Univer. of Nebraska Press. Pp. 135–200.
27.
KimU.TriandisH. C.KağitçibaşiC.ChoiS. C.YoonG. (1994) Introduction. In KimU.TriandisH. C.KağitçibaşiC.ChoiS. C.YoonG. (Eds.), Individualism and collectivism: theory, method, and application. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. Pp. 1–16.
28.
LambornS. D.SteinbergL. (1993) Emotional Autonomy redux: revisiting Ryan and Lynch. Child Development, 64, 483–499.
29.
MarciaJ. E. (1980) Identity in adolescence. In AdelsonJ. (Eds), Handbook of adolescent psychology. New York: Wiley. Pp. 159–187.
30.
MeadG. H. (1934) Mind, self and society. Chicago, IL: Univer. of Chicago Press.
31.
MuthénB.ChristoffersonA. (1981) Simultaneous factor analysis of dichotomous variables in several groups. Psychometrika, 46, 485–500.
32.
RosenbergM. (1965) Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univer. Press.
33.
RyanR. M.LynchJ. H. (1989) Emotional autonomy versus detachment: revisiting the vicissitudes of adolescence and young adulthood. Child Development, 60, 340–356.
34.
Savin-WilliamsR. C. (1987) Adolescence: an ethological perspective. New York: Springer-Verlag.
35.
SilverbergS. B.GondoliD. M. (1996) Autonomy in adolescence: a contextual perspective. In AdamsG. R.MontemayorR.GullottaT. P. (Eds.), Psychosocial development during adolescence, advances in adolescent development. Vol. 8. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Pp. 12–61.
36.
SteinbergL.SilverbergS. B. (1986) The vicissitudes of autonomy in early adolescence. Child Development, 57, 841–851.
37.
SuzukiB. H. (1985) Asian-American families. In HenslinJ. M. (Eds), Marriage and family in a changing society. (2nd ed.) New York: Free Press. Pp. 104–118.
38.
TriandisH. C. (1989) Cross-cultural studies of individualism and collectivism. In BermanJ. (Eds), Nebraska symposium on motivation. Lincoln, NE: Univer. of Nebraska Press. Pp. 41–133.
39.
TurnerR. A.IrwinC.MillsteinS. (1991) Family structure, family process, and experimenting with substances during adolescence. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 1, 93–104.
40.
YangK. S. (1970) Authoritarianism and evaluation of appropriateness of role behavior. The Journal of Social Psychology, 80, 171–181.
