Connotative Meanings of Names and Nicknames: Changes over Twenty-Seven Years

Abstract

660 male and 660 female names were evaluated using a five-point rating scale on the dimensions of active–passive, masculine–feminine, and like–dislike by 478 undergraduate students. Twenty groups of approximately 24 participants each were formed (14 women and 10 men), and each group rated either 66 male or 66 female names. These ratings were compared with name ratings made 27 years ago by undergraduate students tested by Buchanan and Bruning in 1971. The top 25 names on each dimension are presented and changes in their connotative meanings over the 27 years are noted.