Scales were developed to measure the tendencies to blame AIDS victims or the society in which victims live. Data from a sample of 874 students were used to examine the construct validity and reliability of the scales. The list-wise deletion reduced the sample size to the usable sample size of 824. The data showed satisfactory validity and reliability of the scales so they may be used to study attitudes toward those who are suffering from AIDS and related problems.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AndersonV. N. (1992) For whom is this world just?: sexual orientation and AIDS. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22, 248–259.
2.
BlendonR. J., & DonelanK. (1988) Discrimination against people with AIDS. New England Journal of Medicine, 319, 1022–1026.
3.
CarminesE. G., & ZellerR. A. (1979) Reliability and validity assessment.Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
4.
ChaikenA. L., & DarleeJ. M. (1973) Victim or perpetrator: defensive attributions and the need for order and justice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 25, 268–276.
5.
CliftS.StearsD.LeggS.MemomA., & RyanL. (1990) Blame and young people's moral judgment about AIDS. In AggletonP.DaviesP., & HartB. (Eds.), AIDS: individual, cultural and policy dimensions.New York: The Falmer Press. Pp. 53–72.
6.
ColwillN. L. (1982) The new partnership.Palo Alto, CA: Mayfield.
7.
ConnorsJ., & HeavenP. C. L. (1990) Belief in a just world and attitudes toward AIDS sufferers. The Journal of Social Psychology, 130, 559–560.
8.
DowellK. A.Lo PrestoC. T., & ShermanM. F. (1991) When are AIDS patients to blame for their disease? Effects of patients' sexual orientation and mode of transmission. Psychological Reports, 69, 211–219.
9.
EligT. W., & FriezeB. (1975) A multidimensional scheme for coding and interpreting perceived causality for success and failure events: the coding scheme of perceived causality (CSPC). JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 5, 313.
10.
FeaginJ. R. (1972) God helps those who help themselves. Psychology Today, 6(11), 101–129.
11.
GlantzL. H.MarinerW. K., & AnnasG. J. (1992) Risky business: setting public health policy for HIV-infected health care professionals. The Milbank Quarterly, 70, 43–79.
12.
GreeleyA. M. (1991) Religion and attitudes towards AIDS policy. Sociology and Social Research, 75, 126–132.
13.
GuimondS.BeginG., & PalmerD. L. (1989) Education and causal attributions: the development of ‘person-blame’ and ‘system’ ideology. Social Psychology Quarterly, 52, 126–140.
14.
HeiderF. (1958) The psychology of interpersonal relations.New York: Wiley.
15.
JacobsP. (1991) The economics of health and medical care.Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen.
16.
JeffersJ. L. (1990) Preparing for an unwanted guest. Corrections Today, 52(Feb.), 36–41.
17.
JohnsonJ. A., & JonesW. J. (1991) AIDS: perspectives on public health, policy, and administration. Public Administration Review, 51, 456–460.
18.
JohnstonW. B., & HopkinsK. R. (1990) The catastrophe ahead.New YorkPraeger.
19.
JonesA.Jr., & BishopP. (1990) Policy making by the lower federal courts and the bureaucracy: the genesis of a national AIDS policy. The Social Science Journal, 27, 273–288.
20.
KatzI.HassR. G.ParisiN.AstoneJ.McEvaddyD., & LucidoD. J. (1987) Lay peoples' and health care personnel's perceptions of cancer, AIDS, cardiac, and diabetic patients. Psychological Reports, 60, 615–629.
21.
KimJ. O., & MuellerC. W. (1978) Factor analysis.Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
22.
KluegelJ. R. (1987) Macro-economic problems, beliefs about the poor and attitudes toward welfare spending. Social Problems, 34, 82–99.
23.
LeeB. A.LewisD. W., & Hinze JonesS. (1992) Are the homeless to blame? A test of two theories. The Sociological Quarterly, 33, 535–552.
24.
LeoneC., & WingateC. (1991) A functional approach to understanding attitudes toward AIDS victims. The Journal of Social Psychology, 131, 761–768.
25.
LernerM. J. (1980) The belief in a just world.New York: Plenum.
26.
MondragonD.Kirkman-LiffB., & SchnellerE. S. (1991) Hostility to people with AIDS: risk perception and demographic factors. Social Science Medicine, 32, 1137–1142.
27.
MulfordC. L., & CarrL. C. (1991) Development of scales to measure blaming the victim and society. Presented at the American Sociological Association Meetings, Cincinnati, OH.
28.
NunnallyJ. C. (1978) Psychometric theory.New York: McGraw-Hill.
29.
OrnsteinM. (1992) Aspects of the political and personal sociology of AIDS: knowledge, policy, attitudes and risk. Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 29, 243–265.
30.
PriceV, & HsuM. L. (1992) Public opinions about AIDS policies. Public Opinion Quarterly, 56, 29–52.
31.
SabatierR. (1988) Blaming others.Philadelphia, PA: New Society Publ.
32.
SlackJ. D. (1992) The public administration of AIDS. Public Administration Review, 52, 77–81.
33.
SmithK. B., & StoneL. H. (1989) Rags, riches, and bootstraps. The Sociological Quarterly, 30, 93–107.
34.
SnidermanP. M., & HagenM. G. (1985) Race and inequality.Chatham, NY: Chatham House.
35.
SteinH., & SarnoffI. (1964) Social work and social problems.New York: National Association of Social Workers.
36.
StokolsD., & SchoplerI. (1973) Reaction to victims under conditions of situational detachment: the effects of responsibility, severity, and expected future interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 25, 199–209.
37.
WeinerB.FriezeI.KuklaA.ReedL.RestS., & RosenbaumR. M. (1972) Perceiving the causes of success and failure. In JonesE. E.KanouseD. E.KelleyH. H.NisbettR. E.ValinsS., & WeinerB. (Eds.), Attribution: perceiving the causes of behavior.Morristown, NJ: General Learning Press. Pp. 95–120.
38.
WeinerB. (1979) A theory of motivation for some classroom experiences. Journal of Educational Psychology, 71, 3–25.
39.
WeissR., & HardyL. M. (1990) HIV infection and health policy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 38, 70–76.
40.
WittL. A. (1989) Factors affecting attitudes toward persons with AIDS. The Journal of Social Psychology, 130, 127–129.