A 1992 meta-analysis by Deshpande and Viswesvaran of studies of cross-cultural training using a combination of both students' and nonstudents' data indicated that cross-cultural training allows participants to adjust more rapidly to a new culture. But this research did not examine the equivalence of samples of students and nonstudents with respect to effects of cross-cultural training. Meta-analysis indicated that the use of student samples may underestimate the effectiveness of the cross-cultural training. The implications for both practitioners and researchers are discussed.
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