The Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) has become one of the most widely used measures of mood. It was developed from research using responses to adjective checklists as empirical evidence for the two independent, bipolar factor model of mood. However, when scores on the PANAS were factor analyzed with those from another mood checklist, Thayer's Activation Deactivation Adjective Check List, the PANAS represented only half of the model proposed by Watson and Tellegen (1985) by not containing adjectives representing the lower poles of positive and negative affect.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
CouncilJ. R. (1993) Context effects in personality research. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2(2), 31–34.
2.
MatthewsG.JonesD. M.ChamberlainA. G. (1990) Refining the measurement of mood: The UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist. British Journal of Psychology, 81, 17–42.
3.
ThayerR. E. (1967) Measurement of activation through self-report. Psychological Reports, 20, 663–678.
4.
ThayerR. E. (1989) The biopsychology of mood and arousal. New York: Oxford Univer. Press.
5.
WatsonD. (1988) The vicissitudes of mood measurement: Effects of varying descriptors, time frames, and response format on measures of positive and negative affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 128–141.
6.
WatsonD.ClarkL. A.TellegenA. (1988) Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 54, 1063–1070.
7.
WatsonD.TellegenA. (1985) Toward a consensual structure of mood. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 219–235.
