In this replication of 1985 work by Schwalb and Schwalb for a Japanese sample, 208 pupils in southern Italy were asked to rank 10 activities from a questionnaire listing of cooperative and competitive activities. All subjects selected more cooperative than competitive activities. The 106 boys were more competitive than the 102 girls. Middle-school pupils (n = 106) were more cooperative than high-school pupils (n = 102). The observations confirm Schwalb and Schwalb's description.
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