To estimate the relationship between hardiness and preventive health behaviors a hardiness scale and a health hazard appraisal were administered to 211 college students. Multiple regression analysis indicated that modest amounts of variance on the hardiness measures were explained by the components of the health-hazard appraisals. Indications are that the concepts of hardiness and preventive health behavior are related and need further clarification.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
GoetzA. A.DuffJ. F.BernsteinJ. E. (1980) Health risk appraisal: The estimation of risk. Public Health Reports, 95, 119–126.
2.
HahnM. E. (1966) California Life Goals Evaluation Schedule. Palo Alto, CA: Western Psychological Services.
3.
HallD. R. (1984) Wellness workbook—a resource for wellness planning. Clackamas, OR: Wellsource.
4.
KobasaS. C. (1982) The hardy personality: Toward a social psychology of stress and health. In SandersG. S.SulsJ. (Eds.), Social psychology of health and illness. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Pp. 3–22.
5.
KobasaS. C.MaddiS. R.PuccettiM. C. (1982) Personality and exercise as buffers in the stress-illness relationship. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4, 391–404.
6.
KobasaS. C.MaddiS. R.PuccettiM. C.ZolaM. A. (1985) Effectiveness of hardiness, exercise and social support as resources against illness. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 29, 525–533.
7.
KobasaS. C.MaddiS. R.ZolaM. A. (1983) Type A and hardiness. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 6, 41–50.
8.
LeventhalH.ProhaskaT. R.HirschmanR. S. (1985) Preventive health behavior across the life span. In RosenJ. C.SolomonL. J. (Eds.), Prevention in health psychology. Hanover, CT: University Press. Pp. 191–235.
9.
MaddiS. R.KobasaS. C. (1984) The hardy executive: Health under stress. Homewood, IL: Dow Jones-Irwin.
10.
MaddiS. R.KobasaS. C.HooverM. (1979) An alienation test. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 19, 73–76.
11.
McDowellI. (1984) Dilemmas in evaluating behavior-change strategies in disease prevention. Journal of Chronic Disease, 37, 144–145.
12.
RotterJ. B.SeemanM.LiverantS. (1962) Internal vs. external locus of control reinforcement: A major variable in behavior theory. In WashburneN. F. (Ed.), Decisions, values, and groups. London: Pergamon. Pp. 473–516.
13.
SacksJ. J.KrushatW. M.NewmanJ. (1980) Reliability of the health hazard appraisal. American Journal of Public Health, 70, 730–732.
14.
SchoenbachV. J.WagnerE. H.KaronJ. M. (1983) The use of epidemiologic data for personal risk assessment in health hazard/health risk appraisal programs. Journal of Chronic Disease, 36, 625–638.
15.
SmithK. W.McKinleyS. M.ThoringtonB. D. (1987) The validity of health risk appraisal instruments for assessing coronary heart disease risk. American Journal of Public Health, 77, 419–424.
16.
WallstonK. A.WallstonB. S. (1982) Who is responsible for your health? The construct of health locus of control. In SandersG. S.SulsJ. (Eds.), Social psychology of health and illness. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Pp. 65–95.
17.
WellsourceInc. (1986) User's guide, health appraisal software. Clackamas, OR: Wellsource.
