150 Swedish men and women were asked about their alcohol-related expectancies by letting them state the three most probable effects they expected for themselves and for others from drinking alcohol. The three effects were to be rank-ordered. Answers were classified into 11 different categories and the emerging picture indicated that both men and women expected mostly positive effects both for themselves and for others. Results were discussed by comparing the present results with those from other descriptive studies concluding that previous findings were largely confirmed. Theoretical and methodological points of view were also discussed.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BrownS. A.Context of drinking and reinforcement from alcohol: Alcoholic patterns. Addictive Behaviors, 1985, 10, 191–195. (a).
2.
BrownS. A.Expectancies versus background in the prediction of college drinking patterns. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1985, 53, 123–130. (b).
3.
BrownS. A.Reinforcement expectancies and alcoholism treatment outcome after a one-year follow-up. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 1985, 46, 304–308. (c).
4.
BrownS. A.ChristiansenB. A.GoldmanM. S.The alcohol expectancy questionnaire: An instrument for the assessment of adolescent and adult alcohol expectancies. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 1987, 48, 483–491.
5.
BrownS. A.GoldmanM. S.ChristiansenB. A.Do alcohol expectancies mediate drinking patterns of adults?Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1985, 53, 512–519.
6.
BrownS. A.GoldmanM. S.InnA.AndersonL. R.Expectations of reinforcement from alcohol: Their domain and relation to drinking patterns. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1980, 48, 419–426.
7.
ChristiansenB. A.GoldmanM. S.Alcohol-related expectancies versus demographic/background variables in the prediction of adolescent drinking. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1983, 51, 249–257.
8.
ChristiansenB. A.GoldmanM. S.BrownS. A.The differential development of adolescent alcohol expectancies may predict adult alcoholism. Addictive Behaviors, 1985, 10, 299–306.
9.
ChristiansenB. A.GoldmanM. S.InnA.Development of alcohol-related expectancies in adolescents: Separating pharmacological from social learning influences. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1982, 50, 336–344.
10.
ConnorsG. J.O'FarrellT. J.CutterH. S. G.ThompsonD. L.Alcohol expectancies among male alcoholics, problem drinkers, and nonproblem drinkers. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 1986, 10, 667–671.
11.
CrawfordA.Alcohol and expectancy. I. Perceived sex differences in the effects of drinking. Alcohol & Alcoholism, 1984, 19, 63–69.
12.
CritchlowB.The powers of John Barleycorn: Beliefs about the effects of alcohol on social behavior. American Psychologist, 1986, 41, 751–764.
13.
LeighCritchlow B.Beliefs about the effects of alcohol on self and others. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 1987, 48, 467–475.
14.
GeorgeW. H.McAfeeM. P.The effects of gender and drinking experience on alcohol expectancies about self and male versus female others. Social Behavior and Personality, 1987, 15, 133–144.
15.
GoldmanM. S.BrownS. A.ChristiansenB. A.Expectancy theory: Thinking about drinking. In BlaneH. T.LeonardK. E. (Eds.), Psychological theories of drinking and alcoholism. New York: Guilford Press, 1987. Pp. 181–226.
16.
GustafsonR.Can straight-forward information change alcohol-related expectancies?Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1986, 63, 937–938.
17.
GustafsonR.Lack of correspondence between alcohol-related aggressive expectancies for self and others. Psychological Reports, 1987, 60, 707–710.
18.
GustafsonR.Self-reported expected effects of a moderate dose of alcohol by college women. Alcohol & Alcoholism, 1988, 23, 409–414.
19.
GustafsonR.Alcohol-related expectancies reported open-endedly by college women to a large dose of alcohol. Alcohol & Alcoholism, submitted, 1989, in press.
20.
IsaacsM.Stereotyping by children of the effects of drinking on adults. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 1977, 38, 913–921.
21.
IsaacsM.College students' expectations of the results of drinking. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 1979, 40, 476–479.
22.
RohsenowD. J.Drinking habits and expectancies about alcohol's effects for self versus others. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1983, 51, 752–756.
23.
RoizenR.Loosening up: General population views of the effects of alcohol. In RoomR.CollinsG. (Eds.), Alcohol and disinhibition: Nature and meaning of the linkWashington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1983. Pp. 236–257. [NIAAA Research Monograph No. 12, DHHS Publication No. (ADM) 83-1246].
24.
SiegelS.Nonparametric statistics for behavioral sciences. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1956.
25.
SouthwickL.SteeleC.MarlattA.LindellM.Alcohol-related expectancies: Defined by phase of intoxication and drinking experience. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1981, 49, 713–721.
